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Present perfect & Present perfect continuous

Present perfect & Present perfect continuous. THE SKI SHOP Debbie: Have you seen the ski shop that’s just opened in the High Street? Nicola: Yes, it opened last week, didn’t it? I haven’t been in there yet.

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Present perfect & Present perfect continuous

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  1. Present perfect & Present perfect continuous

  2. THE SKI SHOP Debbie:Have you seen the ski shop that’s just opened in the High Street? Nicola:Yes, it opened last week, didn’t it? I haven’t been in there yet. Debbie:I went in yesterday. It’s really good. I brought some gloves. We’re going to Italy next winter, and I can buy clothes there. Nicola:I haven’t skied for ages actually. I’ve got some skis – I’ve had them for years. I used to ski a lot when I was younger. Debbie: Where did you go? Nicola: We went to Austria a few times. Debbie: I’ve been to Scotland twice, but I’ve never done any skiing abroad. I’m really looking forward to Italy.

  3. WHAT DO YOU NEED THE PRESENT PERFECT FOR? • to CONNECT past and present situations.

  4. The Present Perfect Tense • Like a bridge between the past and the present. Present Past It is 2010. I arrived in Istanbul in 2000. I have lived in Istanbul for ten years. I have lived in Istanbul since 2000. Present Perfect

  5. To form the present perfect: HAVE/HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE Question Statement Negative

  6. Use of the present perfect WHEN DO WE USE THE PRESENT PERFECT? Traditionally, the present perfect is described as referring to indefinite time, that is, to events or actions that start in the past and extend into the present and even possibly into the future. The present perfect is generally presented in contrast to the simple past, which describes events that are over and completed.

  7. The present perfect tells us about the past and about the present. We use it for an action in the period leading up to the present. The shop has just opened. The post hasn’t come yet. Have you ever ridden a horse? The visitors have arrived.

  8. We can also use the present perfect forrepeated actions. Debbie has been to Scotland twice. We’ve often talked about emigrating. I’veridden lots of times.

  9. We can also use the present perfect for states. Some typical time expressions with the present perfect are just, recently, lately, already, before, so far, still, ever/never, today, this morning/ evening, for weeks/ years, since 1988. Some of these are also used with the past simple. I’vehad these skis for years.The shop has been open a week.I’ve always known about you and Diana.

  10. The adverbs are frequently used in the present perfect: • Yet • Already • Just • Ever/ never • Recently/lately

  11. The train hasn’tarrived in Istanbulyet

  12. They’vealready visited Ayers Rock

  13. I’vejustseen a very original advertisement

  14. Have you everseen akangaroo?

  15. Alan has recently written an article on that very subject.

  16. STABLE TIME The present perfect is used to express continuative or durative time, that is, to describe an event or action that occurs over a period of time. This is stable time. The present perfect often co-occurs with such expressions of time as for and since.

  17. How long have you owned this car? • I have owned this car since 2008. • I have owned this car for two years.

  18. He has loved her since the day he first saw her. • He has loved her for five years.

  19. PRESENT PERFECT OR PAST SIMPLE • The shop has just opened. • The shop opened last week.

  20. STATE: • I’vehad these skis for years. • I had those skis for years. (Then I sold them.) • I’vebeen here since three o’clock. • I was there from three o’clock to about five. (Then I left.) • Compare the past simple for an action: • I bought these skis years ago. • I arrived here at three o’clock

  21. REPEATED ACTIONS: • Gayle has acted in more than fifty films. (Her career has continued up to now.) • Gayle acted in more than fifty films. (She is dead, or her career is over.)

  22. Look at this news report. There has been a serious accident on the M6. It happened at ten o’clock this morning near Preston when a lorry went out of control and collided with a car… The present perfect is used to give the fact of the accident and the past simple for details such as when and how it happened. We often use the present perfect to first mention a topic and the past simple for the details.

  23. Present perfect continuous

  24. GOING INTO HOSPITAL Mrs. Webster: I shall have to go into hospital some time to have an operation on my leg. Ted: Are you on the waiting list? Mrs. Webster: yes, I’vebeen waiting for three years. Ted: Three years! That’s awful! You’vebeen suffering all that time. Mrs. Webster: Well, I have to use the wheelchair, that’s all. Ted: they'vebeen cutting expenditure, trying to save money. It’s not right. Mrs. Webster: My son David has written to them three times. He’sbeen trying to get me in quicker. I don’t know if it’ll do any good.

  25. WHAT DO YOU NEED THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINIOUS FOR? • To show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. He has been doing his homework since yesterday

  26. To form the present perfectcontinuous: HAVE/HAS + BEEN + DOING

  27. Use of the present perfectcontinuous We use the present perfect continuous for an action over a period of time up to now, the period leading up to the present. • I’ve been waiting for three years. • The government has been cutting expenditure. • How long have you been using a wheelchair? • The roof has been leaking. The carpet’s wet.

  28. We can use the present perfect continuous for repeated actions up tonow. • Adam has been writing letters to the hospital. • They’ve been going to evening classes in Arabic.

  29. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS-DIFFERENCES

  30. THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

  31. The future perfect is used to refer to events or actions in the future that willtake place before another future pointin time. WHEN IS IT USED By,by the time, whenandbeforephrases are often foundwith the future perfect.

  32. by by • We don't want to spend all day in the museum. I think we'll have seen enough lunch-time. • Won’t they have completed the new road next year? • I will have finished my homework my mothercomes back. • I get to the age of fifty, I will have visited all the countries. by the time By the time

  33. The child will have gone to bed he finishes his homework. • We will have done half the journey we stop for lunch. • The mouse will have escaped from the kitchen • the cat comes. • Profiteers will have made lots of money political conflicts in the country end. when when before before

  34. FORM OF THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

  35. It is possible to use either “will”or“begoingto”to create the FuturePerfect with little or no difference in meaning. AND… You are going to have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S. By the time he gets home, she isgoing to have cleaned the entire house. Sam is probably going to have completed the proposal by the time he leaves this afternoon.

  36. REMEMBER The Future Perfect cannot be used inclauses beginningwith time expressions such as: when,while, before,after, by the time, as soon as, if,unless, etc. • By the time I finish this course, I will have taken ten tests. • You will have noticed how complicated the subject is when the lesson is over. • If we don’t stop him, he will have eaten anddrunkeverything.

  37. PASSIVE FORM OF THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE WILL + HAVE + BEEN + V3 • They will have completed the project before the deadline. • The project will have been completed before the deadline. ACTIVE PASSIVE

  38. Adverbs such asin a week, in ten days, in three yearsare often used with thefuture perfect tense. • She will have graduated from universityintwo years. • They will have completed the constructioninthreeweeks. • He will not have finished eatingin five minutes. • They will not have gone to Ankara from Edirnein six hours time. • Julia will have moved to the new housein ten days. • The number of poor people will have increasedin a few yearsall around the world.

  39. WHERE WE USE THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE 1.Completed Action Before Something in the Future The Future Perfect expresses the idea that something will occur before another action in the future. It can also show that something will happen before a specific time in the future.

  40. * By next November, I will have received my promotion. • * Will she have learned enough Chinese to communicate before she moves to Beijing? • * By the time he is twenty-two, he’llhave taken his degree. • * Sarah won't have completed her studies until she's twenty-five. • * Won’t you have painted your room by Friday? • *Tom will have finished his exercises by the time of the exam. • * The children will have eaten the cakes by the time you bring the tea.

  41. 2.Duration Before Something in the Future (Non-continuous Verbs) With non-continuous verbs ,we use the Future Perfect to show thatsomething will continue up until another action in the future. *I will have been in London for six months by the time I leave. *By Monday, Susan will have had my book for a week.

  42. Although the use of Future Perfect is sometimes limited to non-continuous verbs, the words “live”, “work” , “teach”and “study” can be used in this way even though they aren’t non-continuous verbs.

  43. 3.The Future Perfect Tense can sometimes tell probability or assumption. In this case, this tensedoesn’t showfuturemeaning. • It’s 9 o’clock. My daughter will have come back from the party. • Certainly she will have received a good mark. • The plane won’t have arrived yet. • The match won’t have started yet.

  44. The Future Perfect Tense doesn’t show specific day or time when the action will be done !!! FOR EXAMPLE; • Clara will have done her homeworkby Friday night. • We will have learnt Englishby June. • Julia will have come hereby five o’clock.

  45. THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

  46. WHEN IS IT USED The Future Perfect Continuous is used to express the action which started in the past and will continue in the future or we use this tense to express the action which will start in the future and will continue in the future.

  47. Because the future perfectcontinuous shows duration of an event or action, it is often used withexpressions that begin with. • By the time Sally finishes her dissertation, she will have been working on it for seven years. • Tomorrow, I will start work at 9 and finish at 12, soI will have been working for three hours by thetime my last lesson isover. • By the next elections, this government will have been running the country for four years. for

  48. FORM OF THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

  49. TIMELINE OF EVENTS ABOUT THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

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