第八部分 基础写作

1. 第八部分 基础写作

2. 命题揭秘

3. ●规律探究●根据以上真题，我们归纳出如下表格：●规律探究●根据以上真题，我们归纳出如下表格：

4. ●五个结论●由上述试题与此表，我们得出如下结论：●五个结论●由上述试题与此表，我们得出如下结论： 1. 题材贴近考生：题材与考生的学习与生活有关，或与时事热点相关。 2. 内容略有开放：写作的主要内容已被限定，但又略有开放，如2007年的“你的偶像及理由”；另外，语言表达的方式、信息组织的先后等考生也有一定的自主权。 3. 命题形式以提纲为主。近三年来，无论是广东卷还是全国其他各省卷，都以中文提纲的形式为主，表格的形式次之，较少用图表或图画等形式。当然，我们在备考中，最好是各种形式都要练习。

5. 4. 要求只能用五个句子。因写作要求中规定只能用5句话表达全部内容，所以考生很可能需要用到并列句、复合句、非谓语动词短语、介词短语等，才可表达全部的内容。 5. 三条评分标准：句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。因此，我们力求做到句子中不出现词汇和语法错误，不要漏掉内容要点，恰当使用连接词语。

6. 解题密招

7. ◆一个黄金法则 与［写作内容］中规定的内容有关的，能写一点就写一点，哪怕是不成句子的零星的一个或几个单词，也一定要写，千万不能留空格！这是基础较差的考生必须记住的黄金法则。 因为从近年广东高考英语阅卷情况看，只要能写出与写作内容相关的一个或几个单词就会给分！若能用正确的简单句表达全部内容的，可以得该题满分的60%，即9分，这已大大超过全省的平均分了! 但是若抄试卷中阅读理解等地方的段落或句子，或者乱写一些与写作内容无关的话，无论你抄袭的手段有多高明，再写多些也是零分！

8. 文体突破

9. 记叙文 技巧点拔 记叙文是以记事为主要内容的一种文体，包括记人记事方面的故事、日记、游记、新闻、通讯等。记叙文通常要将时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果等六个要素交代清楚。写作时要注意以下几点： 1.注意不要漏掉信息点。 2.要特别注意故事发展的线索和时间顺序等。 3.时态多数是用一般过去时，但也要注意灵活运用其它时态。

10. 必备词句 表示时间的词语：once upon a time, one day, the next day, last Friday, on the morning of April 5,at first, then, after that, twenty minutes later, afterwards, soon, immediately, during, at last, in the end, finally, when, while, after, before

11. 1.描述一件令你印象深刻的事(据2009年湖南卷改编)1.描述一件令你印象深刻的事(据2009年湖南卷改编) ［写作内容］ 假设你是某中学新老师，在你第一天上课时发生一件令你印象深刻的事情，请将此事写下来，内容包括： （1） 具体描述这件令你印象深刻的事情； （2） 介绍你处理该事的方式； （3） 谈谈你的感想。

12. 范文 1. 描述一件令你印象深刻的事 Here is an impressive story that happened on my first lesson. On hearing the bell, students ran into the classroom as quickly as they could except that a boy, Li Ming, whose father died a month ago, was late for the class and stood outside the classroom，silently. Shortly after I let him come in，he cried on his desk. He apologized to me for his lateness and told me that his mother was ill and he had to take some medicine for her. Moved by his words， I praised him for his deeds and decided to sing a song named “Mother” for the students. From the story I felt we should respect our parents and do our best to help them.

13. 2．报道志愿者去敬老院开展活动(据2009年浙江卷改编)2．报道志愿者去敬老院开展活动(据2009年浙江卷改编) 5月1日，高二(3）班的学生志愿者Li Yue 和 Zhang Hua 去阳光敬老院(Sunshine Nursing Home）开展志愿者活动(送水果、打扫、聊天等）。 ［写作内容］ 假如你是校英语报的记者，请按下列要点用英语写一则新闻报道。 （1） 时间、地点、任务、活动； （2） 老人们的反应； （3） 简短评论。

14. 范文2．报道志愿者去敬老院开展活动 Student Volunteers Brought Sunshine to the Elderly On May Day, Li Yue and Zhang Hua，students from Class Three，Grade Two，went to Sunshine Nursing Home and did some voluntary work. Upon their arrival， Li Yue and Zhang Hua were warmly welcomed, and respectfully, they presented the elderly with flowers and fruits, and then they cleaned the windows and swept the floor for the elderly. Everything done, they sat in the yard chatting with the elderly people.

15. When it was time for the volunteers to leave， the elderly people thanked them for their kindness and said it was such a beautiful day that they would remember it forever. Li Yue and Zhang Hua were very happy because what they did has brought joy to others and enriched their own lives. By Chen Jie， School Newspaper

16. ◆说明文 技巧点拨 说明文是用简洁的文字介绍事物的特性、构造、变化或结果的文章。高考中，说明文常见的话题有：产品介绍、地点描述、方位描写、变化分析、购物指南和操作说明等。写作这类文章需注意以下几点： 1.首先要读题审题，弄清需要介绍的内容，把握信息要点。 2.写作内容要条理清楚，层次分明。说明科技方面的内容常用定义法、对比法、分类法和因果法等；说明自然环境方面的内容常用时空次序法与分类法等。 3.时态常用一般现在时，当然若是介绍其历史时，要用一般过去时；语态可能用到被动语态；若是介绍地点、环境等，要善于运用there be结构。

17. 必备词句 1. ［描述现象］With the development of society, heavy traffic has aroused great concern. Some people think...， while the others think... 随着网络的发展，网络广告已经引起了广泛的关注。一些人认为，……；而其他人认为，…… 2. ［说明原因］There are many reasons involved. Among them, the increase of private cars plays an important role.这涉及到许多原因。其中，私家车的猛增是主要原因。

18. 3. ［解决办法］The first measure is to limit the number of private cars running on the street every day. Immediate after that, we should... Only in this way can we solve the problem.第一个重要措施是限制每天在路上的私家车的数量。之后，我们应当……只有这样，我们才能解决这个问题。 4. 说明空间顺序的词语：far from, next to, in front of, to the south of(面向……的南面)

19. 专题练析 1.介绍北京的前门大街改建情况(据2009年全国卷Ⅱ改编) ［写作内容］ 请你写一篇短文，给外国朋友简单介绍改建后前门大街的情况，内容包括： （1）简况：前门大街长800余米、600多年历史、300余家商铺； （2）位置：天安门广场南面； （3）交通：公共汽车17、69、59等路，地铁2号线； （4）特色：步行街、当当车、茶馆、剧院等。 I’d like to tell you something about the rebuilt Qianmen Street. … I’m sure you’ll like it.

20. 范文 1. 介绍北京的前门大街改建情况 I’d like to tell you something about the rebuilt Qianmen Street. Qianmen Street is a famous street of over 600 years old. Along this 800 meter street, there are more than 300 shops. As the street is in the center of Beijing, just to the south of Tiananmen Square, it’s very convenient to get there by bus or subway. You may take Buses No. 17, 69, 59, or Subway Line 2. Qianmen Street is a pedestrian street, but there are trolley cars to take you not only to the shops, but also to teahouses and theatres where you can experience a true Chinese way of life. I’m sure you’ll like it.

21. 2.介绍鼠标的利弊(2009年江苏卷改编) 鼠标是计算机时代最佳的人机交互工具之一。它极大地方便了人们的计算机操作。但是，过分依赖鼠标的习惯也会带来一些不利影响。 ［写作内容］ 请你以鼠标为切入点，根据下表所提示的信息，用英语写一篇短文。 ,

22. 范文 2. 介绍鼠标的利弊 The mouse is a most effective device used by people to communicate with a computer. For most people, it’s almost impossible to operate a computer without a mouse, let alone surf the Internet. A well-chosen mouse is really handy, flexible and convenient in controlling the screen. With the functions of clicking， inserting, deleting, moving and copying, it enables us to edit text, browse web page and download what we want， including a flood of music, movies and PC games. A convenient tool can certainly make our work easier， but it doesn’t always help in a positive way. Relying too much on mouse clicking makes us lazier and less creative both mentally and physically.

23. 3.向外国朋友介绍中国的社交习俗(2009年四川卷改编)3.向外国朋友介绍中国的社交习俗(2009年四川卷改编) ［写作内容］ 请你用英语写一篇短文，向外国友人介绍中国人社交习俗的短文，内容包括： （1）见面时的问候方式； （2）对赞美的回答方式； （3）接收礼物时的回应方式； （4）餐宴礼节。

24. 范文 3. 向外国朋友介绍中国的社交习俗 The following are some Chinese customs. Firstly，we greet each other by saying “Hello” or asking such questions as “Where are you going?” or “Are you busy?” to express our care. Secondly， when praised， we reply with “Oh，no!” or “I’m over-praised” to show good manners. Next，when receiving a gift，we usually say “It’s unnecessary” besides “Thanks” to show politeness and then put it away. Finally, at dinner parties，we talk loudly and touch glasses when drinking to someone’s health or success to show that we’re warm. Anyhow，different cultures，different customs， and if you “Do as the Romans do when in Rome”, you’ll enjoy more of your stay here.

25. 议论文 技巧点拨 作者对某一问题持有一种看法，为了使读者同意，提出若干理由，试图说服他人，这种通过议论或说理来表达作者见解和主张的文体叫议论文。议论文的写作要注意以下几点： 1. 准确找出论点、论据及其之间的相互关系，即找出要点； 2. 合理安排材料的顺序，即论点、论据和结论之间的表述方式； 3. 注意文章的时态、语态等。议论文常用一般现在时，但述说过去的事实时，可用过去时态；预测将来时，要用将来时态；也经常使用被动语态；有时假设一种虚拟情况时，还需要用虚拟语气。

26. 必备词句 1. Currently, there is a widespread concern over increasing traffic accidents.时下，不断增加的交通事故已引起人们的广泛关注。 2. Now people in growing numbers are coming to realize that... 现在越来越多的人正在逐渐意识到 3. The higher education fairness has drawn attention of the public. 高等教育公平问题已经引起公众的普遍关注。 4. There is no denying the fact that private cars do bring convenience to our life.无可否认，私家车确实给我们的生活带来了方便。

27. 5. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that... 通过上面的讨论，我们不难得出结论... ... 6. As a popular saying goes, “Every coin has two sides”.正如俗语所说，“事物都有其两面性”。 7. As a proverb says, “Everything has two sides”. On the one hand... On the other hand... 正如谚语所说，“任何事物都是一分为二的”。一方面……另一方面…… 8. As is known to all, “No pains, no gains”.众所周知，“一份耕耘，一份收获”。

28. 专题练析 1.如何将坏心情变为好心情(2009年江西卷改编) ［写作内容］ 学校即将举行以“Turning a bad mood (心情) into a good one”为题目的英语作文比赛，请按下列要求写一篇议论文。 （1）好心情的重要性； （2）产生坏心情的原因； （3）应该如何调整心情。

29. 范文 1. 如何将坏心情变为好心情 Turning a Bad Mood into a Good One It is very important for us to have a good mood in our daily life. If you have a good mood， you will be happy with everything in the world， and most importantly， you will have an optimistic effect on the people around you. We all will live a harmonious， happy and healthy life. However, sometimes when you meet some difficulties， quarrel with others or fail in doing something， you may have a bad mood. If so, you should think more about its bright side because every thing has its two sides. We are sure that everything will be better with time passing by. Remember: Only you can make yourself happy. I hope that everyone has a good mood every day!

30. 2.做一个好的倾听者(据2008年江苏卷改编) 实现有效的沟通，建立良好的人际关系，不仅要善于言表，更要学会倾听。请你根据下表中所提供的信息，请以“Being a Good Listener”为题写一篇英语短文。

31. 范文 2. 做一个好的倾听者 Good listening can always show respect， promote understanding, and improve interpersonal relationship. Many people suggest that parents should listen more to their children， so they will understand them better， and find it easy to narrow the generation gap； teachers should listen more to their students； students should listen more to their classmates， thus they will help and learn from each other， and a friendship is likely to be formed.

32. What I want to stress is that each of us should listen more to others. Show your respect and never stop others till they finish their talk； show you are interested by a supportive silence or a knowing smile； be open-minded to different opinions even though you don’t like them. In a word, good listening can really enable us to get closer to each other.

33. 3.如何健康成长(根据2008年辽宁卷改编) 学校举办“如何健康成长”的英语作文比赛，请根据以下要点写一篇英语短文参加比赛： （1）乐观的人生态度； （2）努力学习； （3）参加体育锻炼。

34. 3. 如何健康成长 We all want to grow up happily and healthily, and for this goal we must do several things. Firstly, we should develop a good attitude towards life, which consists of not only sunshine but also hard times, in front of which we should be brave. Secondly, we must study hard because knowledge is power, with which we can help to build our country and enjoy life better. In order to study well, we need to do sports so that we can keep fit. If so, we will be able to grow up happily and healthily.

35. 应用文 • 技巧点拨 • 应用文是指日常生活和工作中为某种具体的实用目的而写的文体，主要有书信、通知、海报、请柬、请假条、便条、日记、启事、祝辞、履历表等。写作时要注意以下几点： • 正式的应用文有比较规范的格式，但高考中的基 • 础写作至今尚未考查过格式，只要求表达正文内容。 • 2. 注意时态，如日记常用过去时态，通知、请柬通常要用将来时态，而履历表用过去式或现在时态。 • 3. 应用文的写作往往有一些特定的习惯语句或套话，这些语句在考试中可能会考查到，所以要重点掌握。

36. 1.普通信 (1)I was so pleased to hear from you. You want to know... 很高兴收到你的来信，你想知道…… (2)I’m writing to tell you about... 我写信想告诉你…… (3)I’m writing to you informing that... 我写信给你，是想告诉你……

37. 2.求职信 开头：I’m a student from... I’m glad to learn that you need a/an... I’m quite interested in it and I think I am fit for it. 我是……的学生，很高兴得知你们需要招聘一个……我对此非常感兴趣，而且我认为我非常适合这个工作。 结束：If I have a chance to work in your company, I will try my best to be a good employee. 如果我有机会为贵公司工作，我将竭尽全力做一个优秀员工。

38. 3.求助信 I have a trouble these days and need your help/advice. 这些日子我有件烦恼事，需要你的帮助。 4. 邀请信 We are planning to hold... in... (地点) on... (时间). I’m writing to ask you to come and... 我们计划某日在某处举行……我写信邀请你来…… 5.电子邮件 My email address is gdjyzyy@126.com.

39. 6.通知 (1)We are going to organize an English Speech Contest so that everyone in our school will improve their English. It is to be held at... 为了提高我校学生的英语水平，我们准备组织一次英语演讲比赛。将在……举行。 (2)The Students’ Union has decided to organize a music week. It will be held in... 学生会决定组织一次音乐周活动。将在……举行。 (3)There will be an important lecture in Classroom 302, at 2:30 on Friday afternoon.星期五下午两点半在302教室将有一个重要的演讲。 (4)If you’d like to take part in the contest, please come and sign up for it before April 20th.如果你愿意参加这项比赛，请在4月20日前来报名。 (5)Everyone who wants to attend is welcome.欢迎参加。

40. 7.发言稿 It is a great honour for me to speak here to welcome our guests. 非常荣幸能站在这里为欢迎我们的客人致辞。 8.便条/请假条 I’m sorry to say that I can’t go to school for three days until I’m well. 对不起，我要请假三天直到身体恢复才能上学。

41. 专题练析 1. 留言条:给房东写留言条(2009年全国I卷改编) 假定你是李华，正在英国接受英语培训，住在一户英国人家里。今天你的房东Mrs. Wilson 不在家，你准备外出。 ［写作内容］ 请按要求给Mrs. Wilson 写一张留言条，主要内容包括： （1）外出购物，下午5:00才回来； （2）替房东去市图书馆还书； （3）Tracy 在下午1:00来电话留言： ①咖啡屋(Bolton Coffee）见面取消； ②此事已告知Susan； ③尽快回电。

42. 范文 1. 留言条：给房东写留言条 Mrs. Wilson， I’m going out shopping， and won’t be back until about 5:00 pm. I have taken with me the two books you asked me to return to the City Library. At about 1 o’clock this afternoon， Tracy called， saying that she couldn’t meet you at Bolton Coffee tomorrow morning as she has something important to attend to. She felt very sorry about that， but said that you could set some other time for the meeting. She has already told Susan about this change and wanted you to call her back as soon as you are home. Li Hua

43. 2. 发言稿：演讲比赛开幕式发言稿(2009年天津卷改编) 假设你是晨光中学的学生会主席李华。学生会将举办每年一度的英语演讲比赛，本年度的主题为“The English Novel I Like Best”。作为组织者，你将在演讲比赛开幕时发言。 ［写作内容］ 请你根据以下提示用英语写一篇发言稿。 （1）说明比赛的意义，如提高英语听说能力，养成读书的习惯等； （2）说明比赛的注意事项，如每人演讲不超过5分钟，语言流利，发音准确等； （3）预祝比赛圆满成功。

44. 范文 2. 发言稿：演讲比赛开幕式发言稿 Good afternoon， Ladies and gentlemen， Welcome to this year’s English speech competition. Taking part in English speech competition is a helpful way to learn English. While we fully prepare for the competition， we can improve our abilities of listening and speaking and develop a good habit of reading English. In the process of the competition， you are supposed to finish your speech in five minutes and try your best to express yourself in English fluently. Besides， you should have a good English pronunciation. I hope that the English speech competition will be a great success! Thank you!

45. 3.演讲稿：关于父母翻看孩子日记或书包的演讲稿(2009年安徽卷改编)3.演讲稿：关于父母翻看孩子日记或书包的演讲稿(2009年安徽卷改编) ［写作内容］ 假设你正在参加全省中学生英语演讲比赛，请你针对有些父母经常翻看孩子日记或书包这一现象，写一篇演讲稿，并陈述你的观点。演讲稿的主要内容应包括： （1）认为同学们不必为此苦恼； （2）希望能够体谅父母的苦衷； （3）建议与父母进行交流和沟通。

46. 3. 演讲稿：关于父母翻看孩子日记或书包的演讲稿 Good morning， ladies and gentlemen, Some of us are having problems with our parents, as they often look into our school-bags or read our diaries. I fully understand why we are not comfortable about it, but there’s no need to feel too sad. Our parents are checking our bags or diaries to make sure we’re not getting into any trouble. They have probably heard some horrible stories about other kids and thought we might do the same, or perhaps they just want to connect with us but are doing it all wrong. My suggestion is: Tell them we want them to trust us as much as we’d like to trust them. If you don’t think you can talk to them，write them a letter and leave it lying around—they are bound to read it. Thank you!

47. 命题形式突破

48. 近年高考写作题以中文提纲和表格为主，也仍有可能用到图画和图表等形式。本部分对以各种命题形式可能要考的内容或话题进行了探讨；不但对写作技法进行点拨，而且给每类作文常用的语句进行了归纳；最后，再提供适量的训练题。近年高考写作题以中文提纲和表格为主，也仍有可能用到图画和图表等形式。本部分对以各种命题形式可能要考的内容或话题进行了探讨；不但对写作技法进行点拨，而且给每类作文常用的语句进行了归纳；最后，再提供适量的训练题。

49. 表格类作文 命题预测 表格类作文的特点是简洁、直观，能够分门别类列出多项写作内容，多用于考查考生提取、分析、表达表格信息的能力。该命题形式可大致分为两大类： 1. 对比、分析类写作。调查研究结果对比、人物性格爱好对比、过去现状对比、呈现辩论双方论点等基础写作，都可通过表格进行分列对比。如2007年广东英语高考基础写作要求考生对比、分析“男女生心中偶像”的调查结果。

50. 2. 介绍、描述类写作。介绍或描述地点、活动、节目、物品等表格写作通常有两列，其中一列概括事物特征、属性，另一列对此特征、属性展开描述。如2009年“广州二模”基础写作内容是介绍“地球一小时”这个活动。表格的第一列列出“名称、时间、形式、目的、发展、感想”等要点，另一列则具体说明这些要点，考生必须把两列内容有机结合，写成一篇通顺、连贯的文章，切忌照点翻译。