1 / 123

Layout

D. D. L. L. M. M. D. D. L. L. M. M. L. L. M. M. G. G. L. L. G. G. A. A. A. A. G. G. Layout. What Is Layout Planning?. What centres should the layout include? How much space and capacity does each centre need? How should each centre’s space be configured?

krista
Download Presentation

Layout

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. D D L L M M D D L L M M L L M M G G L L G G A A A A G G Layout

  2. What Is Layout Planning? • What centres should the layout include? • How much space and capacity does each centre need? • How should each centre’s space be configured? • Where should each centre be located?

  3. Strategic Issues • Facilitating the flow of materials • Increasing the efficient utilization of labour and equipment • Increasing customer convenience • Reducing hazards to workers • Improving employee morale • Improving communication

  4. Criteria for a Good Layout • Maximum flexibility • Maximum co-ordination • Maximum use of volume • Maximum visibility • Maximum accessibility

  5. Criteria for a Good Layout • Minimum distance • Minimum handling • Minimum discomfort • Inherent safety • Maximum security • Efficient material flow • Identification

  6. Layout Types • Process Layout • Product Layout • Fixed-Position Layout • Hybrid Layout - Cells

  7. Layout Types - Process Layout

  8. Layout Types - Process Layout • Organizes resources around the process and groups work stations or departments according to function • Intermittent, low volume, high-variety

  9. Layout Types - Process Layout Grinding Forging Lathes Painting Welding Drills Milling Office Foundry machines (a) Layout of a job shop

  10. Layout Types - Process Layout Grinding Forging Lathes Painting Welding Drills Milling Office Foundry machines (a) Layout of a job shop

  11. Layout Types - Process Layout Grinding Forging Lathes Painting Welding Drills Milling Office Foundry machines (a) Layout of a job shop

  12. Layout Types - Process Layout Grinding Forging Lathes Painting Welding Drills Milling Office Foundry machines (a) Layout of a job shop

  13. Layout Types - Process Layout Grinding Forging Lathes Painting Welding Drills Milling Office Foundry machines (a) Layout of a job shop

  14. Layout Types - Process Layout • Advantages • General purpose, flexible resources are less capital intensive • Less vulnerable to changes in product mix or new market strategies • Equipment utilization can be higher, because not dedicated to one product line • Employee supervision can be more specialized

  15. Layout Types - Process Layout • Disadvantages • Slower processing rates • Lost production time during setups • More capital and more floor space tied up with inventory • Longer manufacturing lead times • Costly materials handling, requiring variable path devices • Production planning and control more difficult

  16. Layout Types - Process Layout • A major challenge in designing process layouts is to identify dominant flow patterns among the jumbled traffic and to locate centres so that materials handling is minimized.

  17. Layout Types - Product Layout

  18. Layout Types - Product Layout • Dedicates resources to a product or closely related product family • Repetitive, high-volume, continuous production • Workstations or departments are arranged in a linear path, which is consistent with the routing sequence of the product.

  19. Layout Types - Product Layout Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 Station 4 (b) Layout of a production line

  20. Layout Types - Product Layout Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 Station 4 (b) Layout of a production line

  21. Layout Types - Product Layout Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 Station 4 (b) Layout of a production line

  22. Layout Types - Product Layout Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 Station 4 (b) Layout of a production line

  23. Layout Types - Product Layout • Advantages • Faster processing rates • Lower inventories • Infrequent setups

  24. Layout Types - Product Layout • Disadvantages • More risk of layout redesign • Less flexible • For low volume, dedicated resources have low utilization

  25. Layout Types - Product Layout • Challenge in designing product layouts • Minimize resources used to achieve desired output rate • Balance tasks, equalize the workload assigned to resources

  26. Layout Types - Fixed-position Layout

  27. Layout Types - Fixed-position Layout • Product is fixed in place. Resources come to the product, minimizing number of times product must be moved. • Used for: • Very large products, ships, roads, power plants, airplanes • Service of fragile or bulkyitems

  28. Layout Types - Fixed-position Layout Process Process Process Product Process Process

  29. Layout Types - Fixed-position Layout • Advantages • Material movement is reduced to a minimum. • The task is usually carried out by a gang of operators, hence continuity of operators and responsibility is required. • Production centres often operate independently of each other, and effective scheduling can be planned to ensure minimum total production time.

  30. Layout Types - Fixed-position Layout • Limitations • Movement of machines and equipment to the production centre may be costly and time consuming. • Positioning of the material or object or machines may be cumbersome and costly. • Machine and equipment utilisation is usually low, owing to handling and positioning time. • High grades of skill are required.

  31. Muther’s P-Q Chart

  32. Group Technology

  33. One Worker, Multiple Machines Group Technology Machine 2 Machine 3 Machine 1 Materials in Finished goods out Machine 4 Machine 5

  34. Group Technology

  35. Group Technology Parts Families Source: Mikell P. Groover. Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Aided Manufacturing. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1980, p. 540. Used by permission.

  36. Group Technology

  37. Group Technology Lathing Milling Drilling D D L L M M D D L L M M Grinding L L M M G G Assembly L L G G A A Receiving and shipping A A G G

  38. Group Technology Lathing Milling Drilling D D L L M M D D L L M M Grinding L L M M G G Assembly L L G G A A Receiving and shipping A A G G (a) Jumbled flows in a job shop without GT cells

  39. Group Technology Lathing Milling Drilling D D L L M M D D L L M M Grinding L L M M G G Assembly L L G G A A Receiving and shipping A A G G (a) Jumbled flows in a job shop without GT cells

  40. Lathing Milling Drilling D D L L M M D D L L M M Grinding L L M M G G Assembly L L G G A A Receiving and shipping A A G G Group Technology (a) Jumbled flows in a job shop without GT cells

  41. M L L G Assembly area D A A Cell 2 Cell 1 L M Receiving G G Cell 3 M L D Shipping Group Technology (b) Line flows in a job shop with three GT cells

  42. M L L G Assembly area D A A Cell 2 Cell 1 L M Receiving G G Cell 3 M L D Shipping Group Technology (b) Line flows in a job shop with three GT cells

  43. M L L G Assembly area D A A Cell 2 Cell 1 L M Receiving G G Cell 3 M L D Shipping Group Technology (b) Line flows in a job shop with three GT cells

  44. M L L G Assembly area D A A Cell 2 Cell 1 L M Receiving G G Cell 3 M L D Shipping Group Technology (b) Line flows in a job shop with three GT cells

  45. Longhorn Machine

  46. Department Area Needed(ft2) 1 Burr and grind 1000 2 NC equipment 950 3 Shipping and receiving 750 4 Lathes and drills 1200 5 Tool crib 800 6 Inspection 700 Total 5400 60' 90' Longhorn Machine

  47. Department Area Needed(ft2) 1 Burr and grind 1000 2 NC equipment 950 3 Shipping and receiving 750 4 Lathes and drills 1200 5 Tool crib 800 6 Inspection 700 Total 5400 2 4 3 60' 6 5 1 90' Longhorn Machine Figure 10.6

  48. 2 4 3 60' 6 5 1 90' Longhorn Machine

  49. 2 4 3 60' 6 5 1 90' Trips Between Departments Department 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Burr and grind — 2 NC equipment — 3 Shipping and receiving — 4 Lathes and drills — 5 Tool crib — 6 Inspection — Longhorn Machine

More Related