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Introduction

Introduction. }. In the midst of the “Information Revolution” Storage Retrieval Computers Processing Transmission and Dissemination Communication. Fiber Satellite   . Introduction. Have been & will be more profound revolutions Agricultural — millenia

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Introduction

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  1. Introduction } • In the midst of the “Information Revolution” • Storage • Retrieval Computers • Processing • Transmission and Dissemination • Communication Fiber Satellite   

  2. Introduction • Have been & will be more profound revolutions • Agricultural — millenia • Industrial — a few centuries • Information — ~ 50 years old • What is the next Revolution? • What is the “Computer”

  3. Computer • Problem-solving device • Manipulates information according to a set of prescribed instructions (a program) • Early computers - mechanical • Abacus • Blaise Pascal’s calculator • Charles Babbage’s devices

  4. Computer • Electro-mechanical • Hollerith’s census machine • Konrad Zuse’s Z1…Z4 relay calculators • Electronic - lamps • ABC (Atanasoff-Berry Computer), first electronic • Special-purpose, non-programmable • ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator), first programmable • 18000 vacuum tubes, difficult programming via plug-board

  5. Computer • 3 developments accelerated computer explosion • Transistor • Magnetic core memory • The stored program concept (Von Neumann) • Generations • 1940-1950 Generation I • 1950-1960 Generation II • 1960-1970 Generation III • 1970 onward Generation IV (VLSI)

  6. Computer • Personal Computer (PC) • Generation V? • Whole point of “generation” now moot • Tremendous advances • Hardware • Software • Communication bandwidth • Mass storage • All are fundamental changes

  7. Computer

  8. Digital System • Stores and processes information in digital format • Example: Analog vs digital audio tape • Nyquist sampling criteria

  9. Digital System } • Other examples of digital systems • Watches • Traffic light controllers fixed function • Pocket calculators • Computers: flexible/programmable • Trend: replace fixed function circuits with processors and program them

  10. Digital System • Digital versus Analog • Akin to Wave-particle duality • Nature (God) • Discrete or continuous? • Man or woman? • Digital Revolution….. Advantages Disadvantages Reproducibility, flexibility, speed, noise immunity….

  11. Abstraction hierarchies

  12. Electronic technologies I2L BiCMOS

  13. Technology families

  14. Computer organization

  15. Computer programming • Information representation • Binary • Numeric and non-numeric (alphabets) • ASCII: 7 bits plus one parity bit: 128 symbols

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