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World War One. Trench Warfare – PPT A Trench Warfare – PPT B. Name THREE countries which were Allied Powers. Name THREE countries which were Central Powers. Schlieffen Plan. General Alfred von Schlieffen developed a plan of attack against France.
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Trench Warfare – PPT A • Trench Warfare – PPT B
Name THREE countries which were Allied Powers. • Name THREE countries which were Central Powers.
Schlieffen Plan • General Alfred von Schlieffen developed a plan of attack against France. • The Schlieffen Plan called for a quick defeat of France before attacking Russia.
The Western Front • As the war began, German forces swept through Belgium toward Paris. • Britain entered the war, having pledged to defend Belgium.
Russia Provides Support • Germany was moving rapidly through France until Germany decided to send troops away from the west to fight Russia in the east.
France and Great Britain Regroup • As Germany fought Russia in the east, France and Great Britain began to regroup in the west.
The Battle of Marne • The British and France pushed the Germans back at the Battle of Marne. • The Battle of Marne ended Germany’s hopes for a quick victory on the Western Front.
Trench Warfare • As winter approached, both sides dug in for the winter. • This would result in a stalemate, neither side made any significant gains and the battle lines in France would remain nearly unchanged for four years.
Trench Warfare • Between opposing trench lines lay “no man’s land.” • This area was given its name because everything in this area had been destroyed.
Going “Over the Top” • Eventually, soldier would be ordered to go “over the top”.
Going “Over the top” • This meant that soldiers would charge across no man’s land toward enemy lines with no protection aside from their rifle and their helmet.
Place these four events in order from earliest to most recent. • Germany attacks France through Belgium • Great Britain joins the war on the side of the Allies • Russia attacks Germany on the eastern front • Germany abandons the Schlieffen Plan.
Describe the following terms. • “Over the top” • Trench warfare • “No mans land”
Battle of Verdun • 1916, the Germans tried to break the stalemate at the Battle of Verdun. • The French adopted the battle cry “They shall not pass.”
Battle of Verdun • In the end, over more than a half-million casualties on both sides, without either side gaining a significant advantage.
Battle of Somme • The British launched an offensive at the Battle of Somme to help relieve the French from the German attack.
Battle of Somme • This ended in even more deaths than the Battle of Verdun. In one day alone 60,000 British soldiers were killed or wounded. • In only five months, over one million soldiers were killed, without either side gaining an advantage.
Russia Exits the War • In 1917, conflict within Russia faced a revolution at home.
Russia Exits the War • In 1918, Vladimir Lenin (the new leader of Russia) signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany. The treaty ended Russian participation in World War I.
Germany Moves Forces Away from the Eastern Front • With Russia out of the war, Germany move its forces to the western front.
United States Enters the War • Luckily for the Allies, as the Russians exited World War I, the United States began to enter.
Why did the U.S. join the war? • In 1915, a German submarine torpedoed the British liner Lusitania. • Approximately 1,200 passengers were killed, including 128 Americans.
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare • In order to avoid war, Germany called off unrestricted submarine warfare. • However, by 1916 Germany announced that it would resume unrestricted submarine warfare.
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare • After a few U.S. ships were sunk, the U.S. declared war on Germany.
Zimmerman Note • In addition to the sunk ships, the United States had another reason for joining the war.
Zimmerman Note • Another reason for the U.S declaring war on Germany was the Zimmerman Note. • Zimmerman, a German foreign minister, tried to convince Mexico into joining the war against the U.S.
Zimmerman Note • In this note, Zimmerman promised to return the land of New Mexico, Texas and Arizona to Mexico in exchange for their support.
Zimmerman Note • When this note became public, anti-German feeling intensified in the U.S.
U.S. Supports the Allies • By 1918, about two million American troops joined the Allied troops on the Western Front.
The Spring Offensive • The final showdown began in 1918. In March, the Germans launched the Spring Offensive. • The Spring Offensive was Germany’s last attempt to win WWI.
The Spring Offensive • This offensive pushed the Allies by 40 miles by July. • However, this attack left the Germany exhausted.
The Hundred Days Offensive • The Allies then launched a counterattack, known as the Hundred Days Offensive, pushing the Germans back.
The Hundred Days Offensive • In September, the German people became frustrated and a revolution started to gain ground throughout the streets of Germany.
The War Comes to an End • In early November, the Kaiser (ruler of Germany) stepped down. • Meanwhile Austria-Hungary was also reeling toward collapse.
Armistice is Reached • The new German government sought an armistice, or an agreement to end fighting. • At 11 a.m. on November 11, 1918, the World War I came to an end.
Treaty of Versailles • Peace negotiations lasted for roughly one year.
During this time, Britain continued its blockade on Germany. • These blockades led to hunger and chaos throughout Germany.
By 1919, Germany finally signed the Treaty of Versailles officially ending German participation in World War I.
Most historians consider the terms of the Treaty of Versailles very harsh.
German resentment of the Treaty of Versailles would spark an even deadlier war twenty years later.
World War One turned into a stalemate following The Battle of Marne. • Soldiers dug trenches and began fighting • Between Fall 1914 and Spring 1918, there was there was little movement along the Western Front.
World War One became known as a battle for attrition. • Attrition—Kill enough of the enemy that they are forced to surrender • Life in the trenches varied from sector to sector.
Weapons • Infantry weapons included rifles, bayonets, shotguns, and hand grenades • Improvised weapons included trench knives, metal maces and brass knuckles
Tanks were first used in 1916. • Tanks helped break the stalemate of trench warfare • However, tanks were slow, unreliable and would often get stuck
Machine guns • Mortars • Artillery • Poisonous gas • Flamethrowers
Gas masks • Helmets • Land mines
Aircrafts • Airplanes and Zeppelins were primarily used for reconnaissance (gaining information about the enemy) • However, as the war progressed airplanes were used in air to air duals called dogfights.
