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PIA2000. Introduction to Public Affairs Week Six: October 4 (now October 11) Recruitment, Education and Training. The More that things change the more they stay the same. Video The Functions of Government. Overview: This Week- Recruitment, Education and Training.
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PIA2000 Introduction to Public Affairs Week Six: October 4 (now October 11) Recruitment, Education and Training
The More that things change the more they stay the same Video The Functions of Government
Overview: This Week- Recruitment, Education and Training I. Human Resource DevelopmentKey: Internal Capacity Building? II. Recruitment, Education and Training III. Elite Recruitment- Focus: Entry into Public Sector IV. Human Resource Development and Education VI. Theories of Recruitment VII. Representation VIII. Territorial Administration
I. Human Resource DevelopmentKey: Internal Capacity Building? • Education: Assumed key in Developed Countries and LDCs • Modernization: Education the Key? • Counter-Dependency Framework for analysis: Something can be done • Social Development, Human Capital and Social Capital
Strategy of Human Development Understand Concepts explaining transformation Combinations of welfare, social and human resource development? Debates about Merit?
HRD Concepts 1. Socialization- More Next week 2. Status vs. Role 3. Counter-Roles 4. Role Theory
Role Theory and HRD Other People’s Behavior and Environmental Factors influence Personal Characteristics (Cognitive, Affective and Biological Events)
“Self awareness – give feedback on how one sees oneself, and how the rest of the team view each other”
The Issues II. Recruitment, Education and Training
Alternative Choices-1 • 1. Human Resource Development (Skills development and Labor productivity) • 2. Social Development: Health, Education and Community • 3. Societal Development and Environmental Analysis (Turner and Hulme) • 4. Basic Needs: Human Security (Food, Water and Shelter)
Alternative Choices-2 5. Management Development 6. Issues of Poverty and Redistribution (Isbister) Is there a Moral Argument? 7. Civil Society and Social Capital- Is this an HRD issue?
Alternative Choices-3 8. NGOs, Education and Development: a. Social Development or left wing privatization? b. Scaling-up and self-spreading 9. Social liberalism vs. social democracy (John Stuart Mills vs. John Maynard Keynes) 10. Women and Development vs. Gender and Development. What is the difference?
III. Elite Recruitment- Focus:Entry into Public Sector Patterns of Recruitment- How the Bureaucracy is Selected? Differences between Private and Non-Profit? Civil Service Advert. 1950s
Representation and Affirmative Action Merit vs. Representation vs. Political Control
Canadian View of “Human Rights” in the Public Sector- Edmonton Alberta
Three Models of Recruitment: Redux 1. Model of merit system- Career appointments, competitive examinations, and an end to patronage 2. The recruitment of professionals and specialists contradicts with the issue of political control (“Spoils”) “Schedule C” 3. Representation- especially majority representation relates to political accountability
Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845) Picture Taken in 1844. “To the Victor belongs the Spoils”
Recruitment Problems in the Public Sector a. Management, eg. the Department, or the unit, often does not control recruitment b. Legislation sets the rules- merit system with civil service commission overseeing the process c. Commissions or personnel unit act as an intermediary Blocking Decisions
Mini-Discussion What is the best way to recruit? Political Merit Representation
IV. Human Resource Development and Education 1. The Key to Merit 2. Issue:the difference between Education and Training 3. Professional vs. Management Video A Form of Affirmative Action
The GI Bill and Affirmative Action Mini-Discussion
Training VMBO- Vocational HAVO- General High School Education VWO- Pre-University The Difference: The Dutch System
Debate about the Ideal of Open (not closed) system- • Importance of "Professional Class” • Role of Professional Schools in producing that class. • U.S model of open System
Early, middle or late entry Deep political control and The possibility of "in and out“ Key: Professional Post-Graduate Education The U.S. System
A Reflection of the U.S. Model: In Theory if and Sometimes in Practice • MPA • MPIA • MID Or MBA MPH, etc.
European Systems- Inherited by Much of World 1. Historically closed 2. Class based and 3. Limited to early entry
Monday, March 12, 2007(French General Elections) The European choice and the elites - a la' mode Française Cézanne, “Still life with skull”
Theories of Recruitment: John Armstrong's Classification • Maximum Deferred Achievement-equitable (French revolutionary and Soviet ideal, and Jacksonian Democracy- Late Decision) • Maximum Ascriptive- Western European model • Progressive Equal Attrition- Fail out over time U.S. and Russian reality and aspects of Post War German system. Partly open. Fairness depends on lateral entry (in and out)
Differences in Closed Classes • administrative • professional • Executive • Technical • Clerical • Industrial • Differing views of technical skills, law and classical education (France, Germany, U.K.)
Top Administrators • a. U.K.- Oxbridge Generalist • b. Russia- Engineers • c. France- Legal/Technical • d. Germany/Scandinavia- Legalist • e. U.S.- Products of policy Schools: Kennedy, Woodrow Wilson, Syracuse
VII. Representation: The Debate about Affirmative Action: Primary Debates • U.S. - Race and Gender • Europe- Culture and Religion • Asia: Language • South Africa: Ethnicity VIDEO
Concept of training Public Administration- skills analogy- business administration and engineering as models “Technical Assistance” and Development Unique U.S. contribution- American system internationalized from the 1950s by Foreign Aid
