Unit 3 – The Beginning of American Government

1. Unit 3 – The Beginning of American Government • My goal for this unit is __________________________________ • 3 Steps I will take

2. What was the first governing document of the USA? • Kick off • After the war for independence is won by the colonies what type of government do you think they wanted? Why? • One with a lot or a little power? • A king or no king? • An army or no army?

3. The Articles of Confederation • In 1777 the Articles of Confederation were finalized by the Second Continental Congress • They created a government with 1 legislature and 1 army. • They also established the Northwest Ordinance of 1785, which was a law that set up a plan for surveying western land. • Geography Connection Page 118 #1-2 • Copy the Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation Chart on page 119

4. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

5. Shay’s Rebellion • An uprising of Massachusetts's farmers who did not want to lose their farms because of debt caused by heavy state taxes after the American Revolution. • Help people realize how weak the Articles of Confederation were and there was a need for change.

6. Constitutional Convention • A convention was called to discuss possible changes to the Articles of Confederation. • First Decisions • George Washington would lead the convention. • Every state would have one vote, majority ruled 7/13 • Decisions would be kept secret until things were finalized. • Plans • Virginia and New Jersey had plans for a whole new national government.

8. 3 Major Constitutional Compromises • The Great Compromise/Connecticut Compromise • 3/5th Compromise • Trade and Commerce Compromise

9. The Great Compromise/Connecticut Compromise • Problem: • Big states wanted more representation than smaller states and smaller states wanted equal representation. • Solution • Legislature (congress) would have 2 houses • Senate – equal representation • House of Representatives – representation based on population

10. 3/5th Compromise • Problem • Southern States wanted slaves to count toward the population numbers to be used for representation. Northern states did not think they should count, since they were bought and sold as property. • Solution • Each slave would count as 3/5th of a person when totaling the population of a state

11. Trade and Commerce Compromise • Problem • Northern states wanted congress to regulate foreign trade and trade between states. Southern states wanted to continue to have slave trade. • Solution • Northern states would trade without paying taxes on exports • Southern states would continue to import slaves until 1808

12. 3 Major Compromises • In your opinion, which of the 3 big compromises was the most important? Why? • Great (aka Connecticut) Compromise • 3/5ths • Trade and Commerce

13. Federalists and Anti-Federalists • Kick off: • In the glossary of the book look up and define the following 2 terms: • Federalist • Anti-Federalist

14. Federalist and Anti-Federalist

15. Geography Connection • Complete the geography connection on page 128. #1 & 2

16. Chapter 5 Lesson 1 - 3 Quiz • 5 minutes to study!! • Separate piece of paper • Name • Date • Period • Title (Chapter 5, Lesson 1-3 Quiz)

18. Federalist and Anti-Federalist

19. The US Constitution

20. The Formal Amendment Process Copy the following diagram in your notebook.

21. Informal Amendments • Laws and executive decisions that change the meaning/interpret what the Constitution says

22. Chapter 5/Unit 3 Test Review

23. List the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. • What was the original purpose of the Constitutional Convention? • What group believed that states should have more power and they did not want to ratify the constitution? • How did Montesquieu influence the Constitution? • Why does the Constitution begin with the words “We the people”? • Define ratify. • Who were the Federalists, what did they believe? • How does the Supremacy clause establish relationships between the state and national government? • How are powers separated in our government? Why is this separation needed? • Why were LAWS hard to pass under the Articles of Confederation? • Define Rule of Law. • Why is the system of checks and balances needed? • List the 7 Articles of the Constitution and what each one established.

25. Amendments Mini UnitChapter 6

26. What are my rights? • Kick off • Number 1-10 and try to write down the first 10 amendments from memory.

27. Bill of Rights Amendment 1 The First Amendment protects the freedoms of religion, assembly, speech, and press. Amendment 2The Second Amendment guarantees Americans the right to bear arms, or own guns. Amendment 3The Third Amendment prevents the government from forcing citizens to shelter soldiers in their homes.

28. Amendment 4The Fourth Amendment protects the privacy of American citizens. It prohibits, or prevents, unnecessary or unreasonable searches of a person's property. Amendment 5In the Fifth Amendment someone does not have to testify against him- or herself under oath (no self incrimination). (Also includes: Double Jeopardy, Eminent Domain, Indicted, Due Process) Amendment 6A right to a speedy trial is guaranteed in the Sixth Amendment. Amendment 7The Seventh Amendment guarantees the right to a trial by jury in civil, or private, legal cases where damages are more than $20. Civil cases solve disputes between citizens.

29. Amendment 8Unreasonable bail or fines and cruel and unusual punishment are prohibited in the Eighth Amendment. Amendment 9The Ninth Amendment recognizes that Americans have rights that are not listed in the Constitution. Amendment 10The Tenth Amendment says that the powers not given to the United States government by the Constitution belong to the states or to the people.

30. What are my rights? • Wrap up • Review the memory sayings • Create an image to help you remember each of the first 10 amendments

31. What are my rights? • Kick off • What other topics do you think are covered by the amendments?

32. Other Amendments 13th Abolishes slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime 14th Defines citizenship, contains the Privileges or Immunities Clause, the Due Process Clause, the Equal Protection Clause, and deals with post-Civil War issues 15th Prohibits the denial of suffrage based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude 19th Establishes women's suffrage 24th Prohibits the revocation of voting rights due to the non-payment of poll taxes

33. Amendments Review On Separate Sheet of Paper • Page 191-192 • #1-11 • Questions and answers 1-8 • 9-10 complete sentences • #11 a full paragraph

34. What are my rights? Page 49 • Wrap up • Of all the amendments we have learned about, what amendment do you think is the MOST important? Why?

35. Why are the amendments important to us? Page 51 • What Amendments are related to people’s rights when arrested?

36. Happy Wednesday HW – STUDY UNIT 3 Quiz TOMORROW! Take out – Notebook, Pen/Pencil, Glue

37. Why are the amendments important to us? • Kick off:

38. Protection of our Rights • What protections do you think each amendment providing you with? • Match the protections from your kick off to each amendment on your handout.

39. Protection of our Rights

40. Why are the amendments important to us? • Wrap up • Use your imagination to describe the worst thing that could happen if each of the following amendments were missing from the Constitution?