1 / 25

Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY (5th Ed)

Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY (5th Ed). Chapter 12 Motivation James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers. Motivation. Motivation a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior Instinct complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.

kvaughan
Download Presentation

Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY (5th Ed)

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY (5th Ed) Chapter 12 Motivation James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers

  2. Motivation • Motivation • a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior • Instinct • complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

  3. Motivation • Drive-Reduction Theory • the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

  4. Motivation • Homeostasis • tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state • regulation of any aspect of body chemistry around a particular level • Incentives • a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

  5. Self-actualization needs Need to live up to one’s fullest and unique potential Esteem needs Need for self-esteem, achievement, competence, and independence; need for recognition and respect from others Belongingness and love needs Need to love and be loved, to belong and be accepted; need to avoid loneliness and alienation Safety needs Need to feel that the world is organized and predictable; need to feel safe, secure, and stable Physiological needs Need to satisfy hunger and thirst Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs • begins at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied • then higher-level safety needs become active • then psychological needs become active

  6. Subject swallows balloon, which measures stomach contraction Subject presses key each time when hungry Stomach contractions Hunger pangs 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Time in minutes Motivation-Hunger • Stomach contractions accompany our feelings of hunger

  7. Motivation-Hunger • Glucose • the form of sugar that circulates in the blood • provides the major source of energy for body tissues • when its level is low, we feel hunger

  8. Motivation-Hunger • Set Point • the point at which an individual’s “weight thermostat” is supposedly set • when the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight • Metabolic Rate • body’s base rate of energy expenditure

  9. Motivation-Hunger • The hypothalamus controls eating and other body maintenance functions

  10. Eating Disorders • Anorexia Nervosa • when a normal-weight person diets and becomes significantly underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve • usually an adolescent female • Bulimia Nervosa • disorder characterized by private “binge-purge” episodes of overeating, usually of highly caloric foods, followed by vomiting or laxative use

  11. Eating Disorders- Anorexia Nervosa • when a person is less than 85% of their normal body weight • 95% of sufferers are female • most are between the ages of 18-30 • 30% of persons diagnosed with anorexia nervosa die

  12. Thinnest Fattest Women’s ideal Women’s current body image What women believed men preferred What men actually preferred Women’s Body Images

  13. Sexual Motivation • Sex is a physiologically based motive, like hunger, but it is more affected by learning and values

  14. Sexual Motivation • Sexual Response Cycle • the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson • excitement • plateau • orgasm • resolution • Refractory Period • resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm

  15. Orgasm Resolution without orgasm Plateau Resolution Excitement Resolution with orgasm Males Females The Sexual Response Cycle

  16. Sexual Motivation • Estrogen • a sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males

  17. Imaginative stimuli External stimuli Physiological readiness Forces Affecting Sexual Motivation

  18. Sexual Disorders • Problems that consistently impair sexual arousal or functioning • In Men • premature ejaculation • ejaculation before they or their partners wish • impotence • inability to have or maintain erection • In Women • orgasmic disorder • infrequent or absent orgasms

  19. Sexual Motivation • Sexual Orientation • an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one’s own gender (homosexual orientation) or the other gender (heterosexual orientation)

  20. Motivation • Achievement Motivation • a desire for significant accomplishment • for mastery of things, people, or ideas • for attaining a high standard • McClelland and Atkinson believed fantasies would reflect achievement concerns

  21. Motivation • Intrinsic Motivation • desire to perform a behavior for its own sake or to be effective • Extrinsic Motivation • desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment

  22. Mom: “I’ll give you $5 for every A.’’ Controlling reward Child: “As long as she pays, I’ll study.’’ Extrinsic motivation Mom: “Your grades were great! Let’s celebrate by going out for dinner.’’ Informative reward Child: “I love doing well.’’ Intrinsic motivation Rewards Affect Motivation

  23. Motivation • Industrial/Organizational (I/O) Psychology • sub-field of psychology that studies and advises on workplace behavior • I/O Psychologists • help organizations select and train employees, boost morale and productivity, and design products and assess responses to them

  24. Motivation • Task Leadership • goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals • Social Leadership • group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support

  25. Motivation • Theory X • assumes that workers are basically lazy, error-prone, and extrinsically motivated by money • should be directed from above • Theory Y • assumes that, given challenge and freedom, workers are motivated to achieve self-esteem and to demonstrate their competence and creativity

More Related