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Ch 2, Sec 2: Early Exploration

Ch 2, Sec 2: Early Exploration. Objectives. Explain how Portugal led the way in overseas exploration. Develop an understanding of how Columbus’s plan for sailing to Asia led to the New World. Early Maps. Very limited in detail

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Ch 2, Sec 2: Early Exploration

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  1. Ch 2, Sec 2: Early Exploration

  2. Objectives • Explain how Portugal led the way in overseas exploration. • Develop an understanding of how Columbus’s plan for sailing to Asia led to the New World.

  3. Early Maps • Very limited in detail • Created by people traveling coast lines and drawing what they saw • Only showed 3 continents: • Asia, Europe, and Africa • Ocean Sea-Western (Atlantic) and Eastern (Pacific) Oceans

  4. Vikings • Reached North America in the 800s-900s • Landed in Iceland and Greenland • Discoveries were not well known to other people in Europe • Columbus would be the first European to “discover” the Americas again.

  5. Portugal takes the lead • Had no port on the Mediterranean Sea • Wanted a trade route to Asia for spices and Africa for gold • Paid explorers to find that route

  6. Prince Henry • Leader of Portugal • Started a school for explorers, astronomers, geographers, and mathematicians to work together • Known as Henry the Navigator • Started sending ships down the coast of Africa to trade

  7. Portugal in Africa • West Africa was a good source of gold • Known as the Gold Coast • Started buying slaves in the 1400s • King John II wanted sailors to find a way around the tip of Africa to India/China

  8. Bartholomeau Dias • Explored the Southern tip of Africa • Ran into a storm that pushed him around the bottom of Africa • Cape of Good Hope

  9. Vasco da Gama • Took Dias’ route to India • Explored Eastern Africa and created trading stops for future ships • First to reach India for an eastern sea route to Asia

  10. Alvares Cabral • Followed in Da Gama’s footsteps to India • Lisbon, India was a new trading center for the world • Went to far West and hit land in what is now Brazil • Land was claimed for the king of Portugal • The reason why Brazil is the only country in South America to speak Portuguese

  11. Columbus • Italian citizen • Wanted to sail West to go to India • Thought it would take 2 months • Started sailing for Portugal for experience

  12. Spain wants to explore • Saw the success of Portugal • Wanted to gain the advantage of spice trade with Asia • Italy and Portugal thought Columbus was crazy for wanting to travel West to India, but Spain supported him

  13. Why did Spain support Columbus • Columbus promised to promote Christianity to everyone that he came into contact with • If Columbus was right, he would gain a new/better route to Asia for Spain

  14. Columbus’s First Voyage • Aug 3, 1492, Columbus left Spain heading West • 3 ships-Nina, Pinta, and the Santa Maria • 90 men • Had to convince his crew not start a mutiny

  15. First Voyage Cont. • Columbus found San Salvador (Bahamas) • Thought he was in the East Indies • Caribbean Islands=West Indies • Called the people Indians • This proved a success and Spain under King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella decided to fund Columbus’s future trips

  16. Columbus’ next three trips • Went back to the Americas • Hispaniola (Haiti and Dominican Republic), Cuba, and Jamaica • Ended up traveling up and down the coast of South America/Central America (Mexico) • Europe now understood this was not Asia and that it was a new continent • Still did not understand how big of a land it was

  17. Treaty of Tordesillas • Pope Alexander VI put a line on the map known as the Line of Demarcation • Spain got land to the West • Portugal got land to the East • Was in Spain’s favor-line was pushed further West • Split all land between both countries in the New World

  18. Amerigo Vespucci • Map maker • Mapped South American coast line • First to call South America a new continent • America was named after him

  19. Balboa • Governor in Panama • Explored the lands of Central America • First European to see the Pacific Ocean

  20. Ferdinand Magellan • Hired by Spain to find a route around South America to Asia • Strait of Magellan • Named the Pacific Ocean • Means “peaceful” • Died on the trip • Only 1 of 5 ships made it after 3 years with 18 of 300 men • First to circumnavigate the globe

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