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Chapter 8

The Revolution will not be televised!. Chapter 8 . GW gets a job. 1775 Second Continental Congress meets 13 colonies Still not sure about independence Elect GW head of army Had good leadership qualities and people followed him Moral force Served without pay

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Chapter 8

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  1. The Revolution will not be televised! Chapter 8

  2. GW gets a job • 1775 Second Continental Congress meets • 13 colonies • Still not sure about independence • Elect GW head of army • Had good leadership qualities and people followed him • Moral force • Served without pay • He was a political choice to get S on board

  3. Bunker Hill/Hessians • War April 1775-July 1776 • Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold have early victories at Ticonderoga and Crown Point • Got us gunpowder we needed to attack Boston • Bunker Hill, Brits take us head on, mowed down by sharpshooters US runs out of bullets

  4. Olive Branch • 1775 following Bunker: Olive Branch Petition • US loyal, just want a few things • George III slammed door • Said colonies officially in rebellion • Anyone in Rebellion can be hanged • Hired Hessians (some stayed in US!)

  5. Fighting in Canada • Oct. 1775 British burned Falmouth(Portland) Maine • Rebels two pronged invasion of Canada • Rebels thought French Canadians would join them…Oops • Rebels under Montgomery and Arnold made it to Quebec but were defeated, no French help • British took Norfolk, Boston (Evacuation Day) • Colonists successful in South • Still not sure if they wanted Independence!

  6. Thomas Paine • Strong loyalty, hard to break • Not a lot of unity • Fear of punishment • British acts of war turned people • Hessian hiring • 1776 Common Sense Published • Why should a smaller body rule a larger one?

  7. Paine and Republicanism • Not just for independence but creation of a new society: Republic • Power from people • Made sense to many in England too • Colonies already practicing shared powers • Not sure how: would anyone be allowed to rule? Aristocracy only?

  8. Independence • June 7 1776 Lee put idea of Ind. Forward • Adopted July 2 • TJ writes a draft • Quoted thinkers of the enlightenment: Locke, Montesquieu, • Intro, grievances • After we were indp. We could get foreign help

  9. Patriots and Loyalists Loyalists (Tories) vs. Rebels (Patriots/Whigs) Revolution minority movement Had to fight a war for the hearts and minds and on the field US army spread political message as well as bullets Families divided Upper class and older tended to remain loyal Those who benefitted from crown Anglican Pennsylvania, NY, Charleston Young more militant More prominent in NE Presbyterian and Congregationalist

  10. Loyalist Exodus After declaration persecution of loyalists more rampant Beaten, harassed No wholesale reign of terror 80,000 fled Several hundred 1000 allowed to stay Estates confiscated Confiscation 50k served in Brit army Spies Inciting Natives

  11. GW stuck • NY became target after Boston • GW only have 18,000 • Lost at Long Island • GW escaped to Jersey • Howe did not chase • GW crossed to Trenton and captured Hessians Dec 1776 • Then won at Princeton

  12. Burgoyne • 1777 Brits try to cut off NE • Burgoyne from N, and Howe up from NY, then Leger from W • Arnold saves the day by using up British time • Burgoyne had to wait, and when he did come had too much baggage • Howe did not follow plan and went after Philly • GW was defeated, but Howe decided to party in Philly • Burgoyne harassed by Arnold all the way • Burgoyne had to surrender at Saratoga • Allows for French

  13. Revolution in Diplomacy? • France ready to give Brits a hard time • US wanted help, but also wanted an end to colonialism/merc • Only wanted to get involved for Commercial reasons • Would not get wrapped up in the pomp and circumstance • Franklin got treaty of alliance when Brit offered US home rule

  14. Now a World War • 1778 England and France at war now • Spain and Holland 1779 • 1780 League of Armed Neutrality: Catherine the Great • No trading with Brit • England can’t give full focus to Rev. due to probs in Europe

  15. Blow and Counterblow • 1780 American morale better with French • Then news of Arnold, was going to sell out West Point • Britain then focused on South • Georgia and then up to SC, Charleston fell • Fighting Quaker: Greene held off in Carolina

  16. Frontier • Natives attacking on frontier • 1777 Bloody year on frontier • Most of Iroquois with Brits • Chief Joseph Brant • Penn/NY was frontier • Fort Stanwix: Treaty with Brit Iroquois, gave up their land • In Illinois, Colonies attack Brit outposts under Clark

  17. Navy • Navy laying foundation • John Paul Jones • Not a big dent, but helped • Privateers • Attacked and got goods

  18. Yorktown • 1780-1 • Tough times • Running out of money • Then Cornwallis gets trapped in Chesapeake • De Grasse in water, GW coming down and met Rochambeau • Surrender at Yorktown Oct 191781 • Some fighting continues as treaty hammered out

  19. Peace at Paris • Franklin, J Adams, and Jay in Paris ready to make treaty. • Sup to check with French • Wanted to be free from everyone, so we made treaty • Paris 1783 • Land was handed over, and Colonists promised to leave Loyalists alone • We said we would pay debts and visa versa

  20. New Nation • Brit generous to keep US away from France • America gained the most from the treaty, now what would happen?

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