ANCIENT EYGPT

1. ANCIENT EYGPT By: Abdulla Al-Ibrahim Isaac Fermawi

2. History The History of Ancient Egypt is divided into 3 kingdoms, the old kingdom, from 2868 BC to 2181 BC, the Middle Kingdom, from 2080 BC till 1640 BC, the New Kingdom, from 1550 BC till 1069 BC.

3. OLD KINGDOM Old Kingdom is the name commonly given to the period in the 3rd millennium B.C. when Egypt attained its first continuous peak of civilization in complexity and achievement – the first of three so-called "Kingdom" periods, which mark the high points of civilization in the lower Nile Valley (the others being Middle Kingdom and the New Kingdom).

4. MIDDLE KINGDOM The Middle Kingdom is the period in the history of ancient Egypt stretching from the establishment of the Eleventh Dynasty to the end of the Fourteenth Dynasty, between 2080 BC and 1640 BC, although some writers include the Thirteenth and Fourteenth dynasties in the Second Intermediate Period. During this period, the beginning of the Osiris funerary cult was witnessed. This time period also saw the beginning of rock tombs in the Valley of the Kings, although most of the burial sites in the valley were of New Kingdom in origin.

5. NEW KINGDOM The New Kingdom of Egypt, also referred to as the Egyptian Empire, is the period in ancient Egyptian history between the 16th century BC and the 11th century BC, covering the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth Dynasties of Egypt. The New Kingdom (1550–1069 BC, followed the Second Intermediate Period and was succeeded by the Third Intermediate Period. It was Egypt’s most prosperous time and marked the zenith of its power.

6. Hieroglyphics Egyptian hieroglyphs was a formal writing system used by the ancient Egyptians that contained a combination of logographic and alphabetic elements. Egyptians used cursive hieroglyphs for religious literature on papyrus and wood. Less formal variations of the script, called hieratic and demotic, are technically not hieroglyphs.