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1. WEB 2.0 Ww33´08
2. Propósito de la Reunión Discutir las oportunidades del Web 2.0 en la promoción y publicidad.
3. Agenda Qué es el WEB 2.0?
Ejemplos de aplicaciones WEB 2.0?
Cómo funcionan?
Porque son tan populares?
Cuál es el modelo comercial que tienen?
Cuáles son las oportunidades del Web 2.0 en la promoción y publicidad?
4. Qué es WEB 2.0?
5. Qué es el Web 2.0? La red participativa, esa que se define con la expresión web 2.0, permite que se cumpla un principio muy adecuado para el marketing:
6. Qué es Web 2.0? Web 2.0 es un término que describe la tendencia en la tecnología del World Wide Web y diseño WEB cuyo propósito es aumentar la creatividad, el compartir información y, especialmente, la colaboración entre los usuarios.
7. Qué es Web 2.0? El concepto de WEB 2.0 ha logrado el desarrollo y evolución de:
Comunidades
Servicios “hosteados”
Site de social-networking
Wikis (i.e. Wikipedia)
Blogs
Folksonomies (user generated taxonomy)
8. Ejemplos de Aplicaciones Web 2.0
9. FACEBOOK Es un social networking website lanzado en Febrero 4, 2004.
Mark Zuckerberg fundó Facebook cuando todavía estaba en la Universidad de Harvard
Membresía:
Inicialmente estudiantes de Harvard
Luego otras universidades del Ivy League
Luego se expandió a estudiantes universitarios
Luego a estudiantes de secundaria
Luego a cualquier persona mayor de 13 años ferences
7 External links
History
Mark Zuckerberg founded "The Facebook", originally located at thefacebook.com, in February 2004 while attending Harvard University as a sophomore.[1] The company dropped The from its name after purchasing the domain name facebook.com in 2005 for $200,000.[4] Membership was initially restricted to students of Harvard College, and within the first month, more than half the undergraduate population at Harvard were registered on the service.[5] Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes soon joined Zuckerberg to help promote the website. In March 2004, Facebook expanded to Stanford, Columbia, and Yale.[6] This expansion continued when it opened to all Ivy League schools and gradually most universities in Canada and the United States.[7] In June, Facebook moved its base of operations to Palo Alto, California.[6]
Facebook launched a high school version in September 2005; Zuckerberg called it the next logical step.[8] High school networks required an invitation to join.[9] Facebook later expanded membership eligibility to employees of several companies including Apple Inc. and Microsoft.[10] Facebook was then opened to everyone with a valid e-mail address, aside from people under the age of 13, on September 26, 2006.[11][12]
Funding
Facebook headquarters in Palo Alto, CaliforniaFacebook received its first investment of US$500,000 in June 2004 from PayPal co-founder Peter Thiel.[13] This was followed a year later by $12.7 million in venture capital from Accel Partners, and then $27.5 million more from Greylock Partners.[13][14] A cash flow statement was leaked, showing that during the 2005 fiscal year, Facebook had a net loss of $3.63 million.[15] Microsoft approached Facebook in September 2007, proposing an investment in return for a 5% stake in the company. Microsoft would pay an estimated $300–500 million for the share.[16] Microsoft announced on October 24, 2007 that it purchased a 1.6% share of Facebook for $246 million.[17] On November 30, 2007, Hong Kong billionaire Li Ka-shing invested $60 million in Facebook.[18]
BusinessWeek reported on March 28, 2006 that a potential acquisition of the website was under negotiation. Facebook reportedly declined an offer of $750 million from an unknown bidder, and it was rumored the asking price rose as high as $2 billion.[19] With the sale of social networking website MySpace to News Corp on July 19, 2005, rumors surfaced about the possible sale of Facebook to a larger media company.[20] Zuckerberg had already said he did not want to sell the company and denied rumors to the contrary.[21] In late September, serious talks between Facebook and Yahoo! took place concerning acquisition of the social network, with prices reaching as high as $1 billion.[22] Thiel, by then a board member of Facebook, indicated that Facebook's internal valuation was around $8 billion based on their projected revenues of $1 billion by 2015, comparable to Viacom's MTV brand, a company with a shared target demographic audience.[23] Other companies, including Google, expressed interest in September 2007 to buy a portion of Facebook.[24] Amid the rumors, Zuckerberg claimed that selling Facebook was unlikely because he wanted to keep it independent, stating on July 17, 2007, "We're not really looking to sell the company. [...] We're not looking to IPO anytime soon. It's just not the core focus of the company."[25]
Website
On the homepage for Facebook, a login form is shown on the left, and a registration form is shown on the right.Facebook users can choose to join one or more networks, organized by city, workplace, school, and region.[26] These networks help users connect with members of the same network. Users can also connect with friends, giving them access to their friends' profiles.[27]
The website is free to users, but generates revenue from advertising, including banner ads.[28] Users can create profiles including photos and lists of personal interests, exchange private or public messages, and join groups of friends.[29] The viewing of detailed profile data is restricted to users from the same network or confirmed friends.
Microsoft is Facebook's exclusive partner for serving banner advertising,[30] and as such Facebook only serves advertisements that exist in Microsoft's advertisement inventory. According to comScore, an internet marketing research company, Facebook collects as much data from its visitors as Google and Microsoft but considerably less than Yahoo! when compared with other web companies.[31]
Features
Main article: Facebook features
The media often compares Facebook to MySpace, but one significant difference between the two websites is the level of customization.[32] MySpace allows users to decorate their profiles using HTML and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), while Facebook only allows plain text.[33]
Facebook has a number of features for users to interact with. They include the Wall, a space on every user's profile page that allows friends to post messages for the user to see,[34] Pokes, which allows users to send a virtual "poke" to each other (a notification that tells a user that they have been poked),[35] Photos, where users can upload albums and photos,[36] and Status, which allows users to inform their friends of their whereabouts and actions.[37] A user's Wall is visible to anyone who is able to see that user's profile, which depends on their privacy settings. In July 2007, Facebook began allowing users to post attachments to the Wall, whereas the Wall was previously limited to textual content only.[34]
Over time, Facebook has added several new features to its website. On September 6, 2006, a News Feed was announced, which appears on every user's homepage and highlights information including profile changes, upcoming events, and birthdays related to the user's friends.[38] Initially, the News Feed caused dissatisfaction among Facebook users; some complained it was too cluttered and full of undesired information, while others were concerned it made it too easy for other people to track down individual activities (such as changes in relationship status, events, and conversations with other users).[39] In response to this dissatisfaction, Zuckerberg issued an apology for the site's failure to include appropriate customizable privacy features. Since then, users have been able to control what types of information are shared automatically with friends. Users are now able to prevent friends from seeing updates about different types of activities, including profile changes, Wall posts, and newly added friends.[40]
One of the most popular applications on Facebook is the Photos application, where users can upload albums and photos.[41] Facebook allows users to upload an unlimited number of photos, compared with other image hosting services such as Photobucket and Flickr, which apply limits to the number of photos that a user is allowed to upload. However, users are limited to 60 photos per album. Privacy settings can be set for individual albums, limiting the groups of users that can see an album. For example, the privacy of an album can be set so that only the user's friends can see the album, while the privacy of another album can be set so that all Facebook users can see it. Another feature of the Photos applications is the ability to "tag", or label users in a photo. For instance, if a photo contains a user's friend, then the user can tag the friend in the photo. This sends a notification to the friend that they have been tagged, and provides them a link to see the photo.[42]
Facebook Notes was introduced on August 22, 2006, a blogging feature that allowed tags and embeddable images. Users were later able to import blogs from Xanga, LiveJournal, Blogger, and other blogging services.[11] During the week of April 7, 2008, Facebook released a Comet-based[43] instant messaging application called "Chat" to several networks,[44] which allows users to communicate with friends and is similar in functionality to desktop-based instant messengers.
Facebook launched Gifts on February 8, 2007, which allows users to send virtual gifts to their friends that appear on the recipient's profile. Gifts cost $1.00 each to purchase, and a personalized message can be attached to each gift.[45][46] On May 14, 2007, Facebook launched Marketplace, which lets users post free classified ads.[47] Marketplace has been compared to Craigslist by CNET, which points out that the major difference between the two is that listings posted by a user on Marketplace are only seen by users that are in the same network as that user, whereas listings posted on Craigslist can be seen by anyone.[48]
On July 20, 2008, Facebook introduced a significant redesign of its user interface on selected networks. The Mini-Feed and and Wall were consolidated, profiles were separated into tabbed sections, and an effort was made to create a "cleaner" look. The company said the changes would become visible to all users in the "coming days."[49]
Platform
Facebook launched the Facebook Platform on May 24, 2007, providing a framework for software developers to create applications that interact with core Facebook features.[50][51] A markup language called Facebook markup language was introduced simultaneously; it is used to customize the "look and feel" of applications that developers create. Using the Platform, Facebook launched several new applications,[50][51] including Gifts, allowing users to send virtual gifts to each other, Marketplace, allowing users to post free classified ads, Events, giving users a method of informing their friends about upcoming events, and Video, letting users share homemade videos with one another.[52][53]
Applications that have been created on the Platform include chess and Scrabble, which both allow users to play games with their friends.[54][55] These games are asynchronous, meaning that a user's moves are saved on the website, allowing the next move to be made at any time rather than immediately after the previous move.[56] Within a few months of launching the Facebook Platform, issues arose regarding "application spam", which involves Facebook applications "spamming" users to request it be installed.[57] Application spam has been considered one of the possible causes to the drop in visitors to Facebook starting from the beginning of 2008,[citation needed] when its growth had fallen from December 2007 to January 2008, its first drop since its launch in 2004.[citation needed]
Reception and popularity
Facebook attracted 123.9 million unique visitors in May 2008, a figure higher than main competitor MySpace.[58] According to Alexa, the website's ranking among all websites increased from 60th to 7th in terms of traffic, from September 2006 to September 2007, and is currently 5th.[59] Quantcast ranks the website 16th in US in terms of traffic,[60] and Compete.com ranks it 20th in US.[61] The website is the most popular for uploading photos, with 14 million uploaded daily.[62] On November 3, 2007, there were seven thousand applications on Facebook, with another hundred created everyday.[63] It has since become the world's most popular social networking site, after overtaking MySpace[64].
Facebook is the most popular social networking site in several English-speaking countries, including Canada[65] and the United Kingdom.[66] However, in the United States, it has only 36 million users compared to MySpace's 73 million.[67] The website has won awards such as placement into the "Top 100 Classic Websites" by PC Magazine in 2007,[68] and winning the "People's Voice Award" from the Webby Awards in 2008.[69] In a 2006 study conducted by Student Monitor, a New Jersey-based company specializing in research concerning the college student market, Facebook was named the second most popular thing among undergraduates, tied with beer and only ranked lower than the iPod.[70]
Controversy
See also: Criticism of Facebook and Use of social network websites in investigations
Facebook has met with some controversy over the past few years. In October 2005, the University of New Mexico blocked access to Facebook from its campus computers and networks.[71] It cited a violation of the university's Acceptable Use Policy for abusing computer resources as the reason, stating the website forces use of the university's credentials for activity not related to the university. The school later unblocked Facebook after the website rectified the situation by displaying a notice on the login page stating the credentials used on the website are separate from the ones used for their school accounts.[72] The Ontario government also blocked access to Facebook for its employees in May 2007, stating the website was "not directly related to the workplace".[73]
A notable ancillary effect of social networking websites like Facebook is the ability for participants to mourn publicly for a deceased individual. On January 1, 2008, a memorial group on Facebook posted the identity of murdered Toronto teenager Stefanie Rengel, whose family had not yet given the Toronto Police Service their consent to release her name to the media.[74] While police and Facebook staff attempted to comply with the privacy regulations by deleting posts mentioning her name, they noted it was difficult to effectively police individual users who repeatedly republished the deleted information.[75]
Due to the open nature of Facebook, several countries have banned access to it including Syria and Iran.[76][77] The Syrian government cited the ban was on the premise that the website promoted attacks on authorities.[76][78] The government also feared Israeli infiltration of Syrian social networks on Facebook.[76] Facebook was also used by Syrian citizens to criticize the government, and public criticism of the Syrian government is punishable by imprisonment.[76] In Iran, the website was banned because of fears that opposition movements were being organized on the website.[77]
Beacon
Main article: Facebook Beacon
Facebook announced Facebook Beacon on November 7, 2007, a marketing initiative that allows websites to publish a user's activities to their Facebook profile as "Social Ads" and promote products.[79] When launching Beacon, Facebook stated "no personally identifiable information is shared with an advertiser in creating a Social Ad", and that "Facebook users will only see Social Ads to the extent their friends are sharing information with them."[80] After Facebook was criticized for collecting more user information for advertisers than was previously stated, Zuckerberg publicly apologized on December 5, 2007 for the way Facebook launched Beacon, saying, "The problem with our initial approach of making it an opt-out system instead of opt-in was that if someone forgot to decline to share something, Beacon still went ahead and shared it with their friends."[81][82]
Privacy
Several concerns have emerged regarding the use of Facebook as a means of surveillance and data mining.[83] Two MIT students were able to download over 70,000 Facebook profiles from four schools (MIT, New York University, the University of Oklahoma, and Harvard University) using an automated shell script, as part of a research project on Facebook privacy published on December 14, 2005.[84] The possibility of data mining remains open, as evidenced in May 2008, when the BBC technology program "Click" demonstrated that personal details of Facebook users and their friends could be stolen by submitting malicious applications.[85]
Privacy proponents have criticized the site's privacy agreement, which states: "We may use information about you that we collect from other sources, including but not limited to newspapers and Internet sources such as blogs, instant messaging services, Facebook Platform developers and other users of Facebook, to supplement your profile."[86] Another clause that received criticism concerned Facebook's right to sell a user's data to private companies, stating: "We may share your information with third parties, including responsible companies with which we have a relationship."[87] This concern was addressed by Facebook spokesman Chris Hughes who said, "Simply put, we have never provided our users' information to third party companies, nor do we intend to."[88]
Concerns have also been raised regarding the difficulty of deleting user accounts. Previously, Facebook only allowed users to "deactivate" their accounts so that their profile was no longer visible. However, any information the user had entered into the website and on their profile remained on the website's servers. This outraged many users who wished to remove their accounts permanently, citing reasons such as the inability to erase "embarrassing or overly-personal online profiles from their student days as they entered the job market, for fear employers would locate the profiles".[89] Facebook changed its account deletion policies on February 29, 2008, allowing users to contact the website to request that their accounts be permanently deleted.[90]
ferences
7 External links
History
Mark Zuckerberg founded "The Facebook", originally located at thefacebook.com, in February 2004 while attending Harvard University as a sophomore.[1] The company dropped The from its name after purchasing the domain name facebook.com in 2005 for $200,000.[4] Membership was initially restricted to students of Harvard College, and within the first month, more than half the undergraduate population at Harvard were registered on the service.[5] Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes soon joined Zuckerberg to help promote the website. In March 2004, Facebook expanded to Stanford, Columbia, and Yale.[6] This expansion continued when it opened to all Ivy League schools and gradually most universities in Canada and the United States.[7] In June, Facebook moved its base of operations to Palo Alto, California.[6]
Facebook launched a high school version in September 2005; Zuckerberg called it the next logical step.[8] High school networks required an invitation to join.[9] Facebook later expanded membership eligibility to employees of several companies including Apple Inc. and Microsoft.[10] Facebook was then opened to everyone with a valid e-mail address, aside from people under the age of 13, on September 26, 2006.[11][12]
Funding
Facebook headquarters in Palo Alto, CaliforniaFacebook received its first investment of US$500,000 in June 2004 from PayPal co-founder Peter Thiel.[13] This was followed a year later by $12.7 million in venture capital from Accel Partners, and then $27.5 million more from Greylock Partners.[13][14] A cash flow statement was leaked, showing that during the 2005 fiscal year, Facebook had a net loss of $3.63 million.[15] Microsoft approached Facebook in September 2007, proposing an investment in return for a 5% stake in the company. Microsoft would pay an estimated $300–500 million for the share.[16] Microsoft announced on October 24, 2007 that it purchased a 1.6% share of Facebook for $246 million.[17] On November 30, 2007, Hong Kong billionaire Li Ka-shing invested $60 million in Facebook.[18]
BusinessWeek reported on March 28, 2006 that a potential acquisition of the website was under negotiation. Facebook reportedly declined an offer of $750 million from an unknown bidder, and it was rumored the asking price rose as high as $2 billion.[19] With the sale of social networking website MySpace to News Corp on July 19, 2005, rumors surfaced about the possible sale of Facebook to a larger media company.[20] Zuckerberg had already said he did not want to sell the company and denied rumors to the contrary.[21] In late September, serious talks between Facebook and Yahoo! took place concerning acquisition of the social network, with prices reaching as high as $1 billion.[22] Thiel, by then a board member of Facebook, indicated that Facebook's internal valuation was around $8 billion based on their projected revenues of $1 billion by 2015, comparable to Viacom's MTV brand, a company with a shared target demographic audience.[23] Other companies, including Google, expressed interest in September 2007 to buy a portion of Facebook.[24] Amid the rumors, Zuckerberg claimed that selling Facebook was unlikely because he wanted to keep it independent, stating on July 17, 2007, "We're not really looking to sell the company. [...] We're not looking to IPO anytime soon. It's just not the core focus of the company."[25]
Website
On the homepage for Facebook, a login form is shown on the left, and a registration form is shown on the right.Facebook users can choose to join one or more networks, organized by city, workplace, school, and region.[26] These networks help users connect with members of the same network. Users can also connect with friends, giving them access to their friends' profiles.[27]
The website is free to users, but generates revenue from advertising, including banner ads.[28] Users can create profiles including photos and lists of personal interests, exchange private or public messages, and join groups of friends.[29] The viewing of detailed profile data is restricted to users from the same network or confirmed friends.
Microsoft is Facebook's exclusive partner for serving banner advertising,[30] and as such Facebook only serves advertisements that exist in Microsoft's advertisement inventory. According to comScore, an internet marketing research company, Facebook collects as much data from its visitors as Google and Microsoft but considerably less than Yahoo! when compared with other web companies.[31]
Features
Main article: Facebook features
The media often compares Facebook to MySpace, but one significant difference between the two websites is the level of customization.[32] MySpace allows users to decorate their profiles using HTML and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), while Facebook only allows plain text.[33]
Facebook has a number of features for users to interact with. They include the Wall, a space on every user's profile page that allows friends to post messages for the user to see,[34] Pokes, which allows users to send a virtual "poke" to each other (a notification that tells a user that they have been poked),[35] Photos, where users can upload albums and photos,[36] and Status, which allows users to inform their friends of their whereabouts and actions.[37] A user's Wall is visible to anyone who is able to see that user's profile, which depends on their privacy settings. In July 2007, Facebook began allowing users to post attachments to the Wall, whereas the Wall was previously limited to textual content only.[34]
Over time, Facebook has added several new features to its website. On September 6, 2006, a News Feed was announced, which appears on every user's homepage and highlights information including profile changes, upcoming events, and birthdays related to the user's friends.[38] Initially, the News Feed caused dissatisfaction among Facebook users; some complained it was too cluttered and full of undesired information, while others were concerned it made it too easy for other people to track down individual activities (such as changes in relationship status, events, and conversations with other users).[39] In response to this dissatisfaction, Zuckerberg issued an apology for the site's failure to include appropriate customizable privacy features. Since then, users have been able to control what types of information are shared automatically with friends. Users are now able to prevent friends from seeing updates about different types of activities, including profile changes, Wall posts, and newly added friends.[40]
One of the most popular applications on Facebook is the Photos application, where users can upload albums and photos.[41] Facebook allows users to upload an unlimited number of photos, compared with other image hosting services such as Photobucket and Flickr, which apply limits to the number of photos that a user is allowed to upload. However, users are limited to 60 photos per album. Privacy settings can be set for individual albums, limiting the groups of users that can see an album. For example, the privacy of an album can be set so that only the user's friends can see the album, while the privacy of another album can be set so that all Facebook users can see it. Another feature of the Photos applications is the ability to "tag", or label users in a photo. For instance, if a photo contains a user's friend, then the user can tag the friend in the photo. This sends a notification to the friend that they have been tagged, and provides them a link to see the photo.[42]
Facebook Notes was introduced on August 22, 2006, a blogging feature that allowed tags and embeddable images. Users were later able to import blogs from Xanga, LiveJournal, Blogger, and other blogging services.[11] During the week of April 7, 2008, Facebook released a Comet-based[43] instant messaging application called "Chat" to several networks,[44] which allows users to communicate with friends and is similar in functionality to desktop-based instant messengers.
Facebook launched Gifts on February 8, 2007, which allows users to send virtual gifts to their friends that appear on the recipient's profile. Gifts cost $1.00 each to purchase, and a personalized message can be attached to each gift.[45][46] On May 14, 2007, Facebook launched Marketplace, which lets users post free classified ads.[47] Marketplace has been compared to Craigslist by CNET, which points out that the major difference between the two is that listings posted by a user on Marketplace are only seen by users that are in the same network as that user, whereas listings posted on Craigslist can be seen by anyone.[48]
On July 20, 2008, Facebook introduced a significant redesign of its user interface on selected networks. The Mini-Feed and and Wall were consolidated, profiles were separated into tabbed sections, and an effort was made to create a "cleaner" look. The company said the changes would become visible to all users in the "coming days."[49]
Platform
Facebook launched the Facebook Platform on May 24, 2007, providing a framework for software developers to create applications that interact with core Facebook features.[50][51] A markup language called Facebook markup language was introduced simultaneously; it is used to customize the "look and feel" of applications that developers create. Using the Platform, Facebook launched several new applications,[50][51] including Gifts, allowing users to send virtual gifts to each other, Marketplace, allowing users to post free classified ads, Events, giving users a method of informing their friends about upcoming events, and Video, letting users share homemade videos with one another.[52][53]
Applications that have been created on the Platform include chess and Scrabble, which both allow users to play games with their friends.[54][55] These games are asynchronous, meaning that a user's moves are saved on the website, allowing the next move to be made at any time rather than immediately after the previous move.[56] Within a few months of launching the Facebook Platform, issues arose regarding "application spam", which involves Facebook applications "spamming" users to request it be installed.[57] Application spam has been considered one of the possible causes to the drop in visitors to Facebook starting from the beginning of 2008,[citation needed] when its growth had fallen from December 2007 to January 2008, its first drop since its launch in 2004.[citation needed]
Reception and popularity
Facebook attracted 123.9 million unique visitors in May 2008, a figure higher than main competitor MySpace.[58] According to Alexa, the website's ranking among all websites increased from 60th to 7th in terms of traffic, from September 2006 to September 2007, and is currently 5th.[59] Quantcast ranks the website 16th in US in terms of traffic,[60] and Compete.com ranks it 20th in US.[61] The website is the most popular for uploading photos, with 14 million uploaded daily.[62] On November 3, 2007, there were seven thousand applications on Facebook, with another hundred created everyday.[63] It has since become the world's most popular social networking site, after overtaking MySpace[64].
Facebook is the most popular social networking site in several English-speaking countries, including Canada[65] and the United Kingdom.[66] However, in the United States, it has only 36 million users compared to MySpace's 73 million.[67] The website has won awards such as placement into the "Top 100 Classic Websites" by PC Magazine in 2007,[68] and winning the "People's Voice Award" from the Webby Awards in 2008.[69] In a 2006 study conducted by Student Monitor, a New Jersey-based company specializing in research concerning the college student market, Facebook was named the second most popular thing among undergraduates, tied with beer and only ranked lower than the iPod.[70]
Controversy
See also: Criticism of Facebook and Use of social network websites in investigations
Facebook has met with some controversy over the past few years. In October 2005, the University of New Mexico blocked access to Facebook from its campus computers and networks.[71] It cited a violation of the university's Acceptable Use Policy for abusing computer resources as the reason, stating the website forces use of the university's credentials for activity not related to the university. The school later unblocked Facebook after the website rectified the situation by displaying a notice on the login page stating the credentials used on the website are separate from the ones used for their school accounts.[72] The Ontario government also blocked access to Facebook for its employees in May 2007, stating the website was "not directly related to the workplace".[73]
A notable ancillary effect of social networking websites like Facebook is the ability for participants to mourn publicly for a deceased individual. On January 1, 2008, a memorial group on Facebook posted the identity of murdered Toronto teenager Stefanie Rengel, whose family had not yet given the Toronto Police Service their consent to release her name to the media.[74] While police and Facebook staff attempted to comply with the privacy regulations by deleting posts mentioning her name, they noted it was difficult to effectively police individual users who repeatedly republished the deleted information.[75]
Due to the open nature of Facebook, several countries have banned access to it including Syria and Iran.[76][77] The Syrian government cited the ban was on the premise that the website promoted attacks on authorities.[76][78] The government also feared Israeli infiltration of Syrian social networks on Facebook.[76] Facebook was also used by Syrian citizens to criticize the government, and public criticism of the Syrian government is punishable by imprisonment.[76] In Iran, the website was banned because of fears that opposition movements were being organized on the website.[77]
Beacon
Main article: Facebook Beacon
Facebook announced Facebook Beacon on November 7, 2007, a marketing initiative that allows websites to publish a user's activities to their Facebook profile as "Social Ads" and promote products.[79] When launching Beacon, Facebook stated "no personally identifiable information is shared with an advertiser in creating a Social Ad", and that "Facebook users will only see Social Ads to the extent their friends are sharing information with them."[80] After Facebook was criticized for collecting more user information for advertisers than was previously stated, Zuckerberg publicly apologized on December 5, 2007 for the way Facebook launched Beacon, saying, "The problem with our initial approach of making it an opt-out system instead of opt-in was that if someone forgot to decline to share something, Beacon still went ahead and shared it with their friends."[81][82]
Privacy
Several concerns have emerged regarding the use of Facebook as a means of surveillance and data mining.[83] Two MIT students were able to download over 70,000 Facebook profiles from four schools (MIT, New York University, the University of Oklahoma, and Harvard University) using an automated shell script, as part of a research project on Facebook privacy published on December 14, 2005.[84] The possibility of data mining remains open, as evidenced in May 2008, when the BBC technology program "Click" demonstrated that personal details of Facebook users and their friends could be stolen by submitting malicious applications.[85]
Privacy proponents have criticized the site's privacy agreement, which states: "We may use information about you that we collect from other sources, including but not limited to newspapers and Internet sources such as blogs, instant messaging services, Facebook Platform developers and other users of Facebook, to supplement your profile."[86] Another clause that received criticism concerned Facebook's right to sell a user's data to private companies, stating: "We may share your information with third parties, including responsible companies with which we have a relationship."[87] This concern was addressed by Facebook spokesman Chris Hughes who said, "Simply put, we have never provided our users' information to third party companies, nor do we intend to."[88]
Concerns have also been raised regarding the difficulty of deleting user accounts. Previously, Facebook only allowed users to "deactivate" their accounts so that their profile was no longer visible. However, any information the user had entered into the website and on their profile remained on the website's servers. This outraged many users who wished to remove their accounts permanently, citing reasons such as the inability to erase "embarrassing or overly-personal online profiles from their student days as they entered the job market, for fear employers would locate the profiles".[89] Facebook changed its account deletion policies on February 29, 2008, allowing users to contact the website to request that their accounts be permanently deleted.[90]
10. FACEBOOK Inversionistas:
Peter Thiel (Pay-Pal) fue el primer inversionista en el sistema con $500,000.
Microsoft anunció en Octubre del 2007 que compró 1.6% de las acciones de Facebook por $246 millones.
En noviembre del 2007, el billonario de Hong Kong Li Ka-shing invirtió $60 millones en Facebook.
No venden: Proyectan $1 Billón en ganancias para el 2015.
Hace plata a través de banners de marcas o miembros.
Ha causado mucha controversia:
Ha sido censurado en Syria, China, e Iran
Ha tenido graves problemas de seguridad
Ha sido demandada en varias ocasiones ferences
7 External links
History
Mark Zuckerberg founded "The Facebook", originally located at thefacebook.com, in February 2004 while attending Harvard University as a sophomore.[1] The company dropped The from its name after purchasing the domain name facebook.com in 2005 for $200,000.[4] Membership was initially restricted to students of Harvard College, and within the first month, more than half the undergraduate population at Harvard were registered on the service.[5] Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes soon joined Zuckerberg to help promote the website. In March 2004, Facebook expanded to Stanford, Columbia, and Yale.[6] This expansion continued when it opened to all Ivy League schools and gradually most universities in Canada and the United States.[7] In June, Facebook moved its base of operations to Palo Alto, California.[6]
Facebook launched a high school version in September 2005; Zuckerberg called it the next logical step.[8] High school networks required an invitation to join.[9] Facebook later expanded membership eligibility to employees of several companies including Apple Inc. and Microsoft.[10] Facebook was then opened to everyone with a valid e-mail address, aside from people under the age of 13, on September 26, 2006.[11][12]
Funding
Facebook headquarters in Palo Alto, CaliforniaFacebook received its first investment of US$500,000 in June 2004 from PayPal co-founder Peter Thiel.[13] This was followed a year later by $12.7 million in venture capital from Accel Partners, and then $27.5 million more from Greylock Partners.[13][14] A cash flow statement was leaked, showing that during the 2005 fiscal year, Facebook had a net loss of $3.63 million.[15] Microsoft approached Facebook in September 2007, proposing an investment in return for a 5% stake in the company. Microsoft would pay an estimated $300–500 million for the share.[16] Microsoft announced on October 24, 2007 that it purchased a 1.6% share of Facebook for $246 million.[17] On November 30, 2007, Hong Kong billionaire Li Ka-shing invested $60 million in Facebook.[18]
BusinessWeek reported on March 28, 2006 that a potential acquisition of the website was under negotiation. Facebook reportedly declined an offer of $750 million from an unknown bidder, and it was rumored the asking price rose as high as $2 billion.[19] With the sale of social networking website MySpace to News Corp on July 19, 2005, rumors surfaced about the possible sale of Facebook to a larger media company.[20] Zuckerberg had already said he did not want to sell the company and denied rumors to the contrary.[21] In late September, serious talks between Facebook and Yahoo! took place concerning acquisition of the social network, with prices reaching as high as $1 billion.[22] Thiel, by then a board member of Facebook, indicated that Facebook's internal valuation was around $8 billion based on their projected revenues of $1 billion by 2015, comparable to Viacom's MTV brand, a company with a shared target demographic audience.[23] Other companies, including Google, expressed interest in September 2007 to buy a portion of Facebook.[24] Amid the rumors, Zuckerberg claimed that selling Facebook was unlikely because he wanted to keep it independent, stating on July 17, 2007, "We're not really looking to sell the company. [...] We're not looking to IPO anytime soon. It's just not the core focus of the company."[25]
Website
On the homepage for Facebook, a login form is shown on the left, and a registration form is shown on the right.Facebook users can choose to join one or more networks, organized by city, workplace, school, and region.[26] These networks help users connect with members of the same network. Users can also connect with friends, giving them access to their friends' profiles.[27]
The website is free to users, but generates revenue from advertising, including banner ads.[28] Users can create profiles including photos and lists of personal interests, exchange private or public messages, and join groups of friends.[29] The viewing of detailed profile data is restricted to users from the same network or confirmed friends.
Microsoft is Facebook's exclusive partner for serving banner advertising,[30] and as such Facebook only serves advertisements that exist in Microsoft's advertisement inventory. According to comScore, an internet marketing research company, Facebook collects as much data from its visitors as Google and Microsoft but considerably less than Yahoo! when compared with other web companies.[31]
Features
Main article: Facebook features
The media often compares Facebook to MySpace, but one significant difference between the two websites is the level of customization.[32] MySpace allows users to decorate their profiles using HTML and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), while Facebook only allows plain text.[33]
Facebook has a number of features for users to interact with. They include the Wall, a space on every user's profile page that allows friends to post messages for the user to see,[34] Pokes, which allows users to send a virtual "poke" to each other (a notification that tells a user that they have been poked),[35] Photos, where users can upload albums and photos,[36] and Status, which allows users to inform their friends of their whereabouts and actions.[37] A user's Wall is visible to anyone who is able to see that user's profile, which depends on their privacy settings. In July 2007, Facebook began allowing users to post attachments to the Wall, whereas the Wall was previously limited to textual content only.[34]
Over time, Facebook has added several new features to its website. On September 6, 2006, a News Feed was announced, which appears on every user's homepage and highlights information including profile changes, upcoming events, and birthdays related to the user's friends.[38] Initially, the News Feed caused dissatisfaction among Facebook users; some complained it was too cluttered and full of undesired information, while others were concerned it made it too easy for other people to track down individual activities (such as changes in relationship status, events, and conversations with other users).[39] In response to this dissatisfaction, Zuckerberg issued an apology for the site's failure to include appropriate customizable privacy features. Since then, users have been able to control what types of information are shared automatically with friends. Users are now able to prevent friends from seeing updates about different types of activities, including profile changes, Wall posts, and newly added friends.[40]
One of the most popular applications on Facebook is the Photos application, where users can upload albums and photos.[41] Facebook allows users to upload an unlimited number of photos, compared with other image hosting services such as Photobucket and Flickr, which apply limits to the number of photos that a user is allowed to upload. However, users are limited to 60 photos per album. Privacy settings can be set for individual albums, limiting the groups of users that can see an album. For example, the privacy of an album can be set so that only the user's friends can see the album, while the privacy of another album can be set so that all Facebook users can see it. Another feature of the Photos applications is the ability to "tag", or label users in a photo. For instance, if a photo contains a user's friend, then the user can tag the friend in the photo. This sends a notification to the friend that they have been tagged, and provides them a link to see the photo.[42]
Facebook Notes was introduced on August 22, 2006, a blogging feature that allowed tags and embeddable images. Users were later able to import blogs from Xanga, LiveJournal, Blogger, and other blogging services.[11] During the week of April 7, 2008, Facebook released a Comet-based[43] instant messaging application called "Chat" to several networks,[44] which allows users to communicate with friends and is similar in functionality to desktop-based instant messengers.
Facebook launched Gifts on February 8, 2007, which allows users to send virtual gifts to their friends that appear on the recipient's profile. Gifts cost $1.00 each to purchase, and a personalized message can be attached to each gift.[45][46] On May 14, 2007, Facebook launched Marketplace, which lets users post free classified ads.[47] Marketplace has been compared to Craigslist by CNET, which points out that the major difference between the two is that listings posted by a user on Marketplace are only seen by users that are in the same network as that user, whereas listings posted on Craigslist can be seen by anyone.[48]
On July 20, 2008, Facebook introduced a significant redesign of its user interface on selected networks. The Mini-Feed and and Wall were consolidated, profiles were separated into tabbed sections, and an effort was made to create a "cleaner" look. The company said the changes would become visible to all users in the "coming days."[49]
Platform
Facebook launched the Facebook Platform on May 24, 2007, providing a framework for software developers to create applications that interact with core Facebook features.[50][51] A markup language called Facebook markup language was introduced simultaneously; it is used to customize the "look and feel" of applications that developers create. Using the Platform, Facebook launched several new applications,[50][51] including Gifts, allowing users to send virtual gifts to each other, Marketplace, allowing users to post free classified ads, Events, giving users a method of informing their friends about upcoming events, and Video, letting users share homemade videos with one another.[52][53]
Applications that have been created on the Platform include chess and Scrabble, which both allow users to play games with their friends.[54][55] These games are asynchronous, meaning that a user's moves are saved on the website, allowing the next move to be made at any time rather than immediately after the previous move.[56] Within a few months of launching the Facebook Platform, issues arose regarding "application spam", which involves Facebook applications "spamming" users to request it be installed.[57] Application spam has been considered one of the possible causes to the drop in visitors to Facebook starting from the beginning of 2008,[citation needed] when its growth had fallen from December 2007 to January 2008, its first drop since its launch in 2004.[citation needed]
Reception and popularity
Facebook attracted 123.9 million unique visitors in May 2008, a figure higher than main competitor MySpace.[58] According to Alexa, the website's ranking among all websites increased from 60th to 7th in terms of traffic, from September 2006 to September 2007, and is currently 5th.[59] Quantcast ranks the website 16th in US in terms of traffic,[60] and Compete.com ranks it 20th in US.[61] The website is the most popular for uploading photos, with 14 million uploaded daily.[62] On November 3, 2007, there were seven thousand applications on Facebook, with another hundred created everyday.[63] It has since become the world's most popular social networking site, after overtaking MySpace[64].
Facebook is the most popular social networking site in several English-speaking countries, including Canada[65] and the United Kingdom.[66] However, in the United States, it has only 36 million users compared to MySpace's 73 million.[67] The website has won awards such as placement into the "Top 100 Classic Websites" by PC Magazine in 2007,[68] and winning the "People's Voice Award" from the Webby Awards in 2008.[69] In a 2006 study conducted by Student Monitor, a New Jersey-based company specializing in research concerning the college student market, Facebook was named the second most popular thing among undergraduates, tied with beer and only ranked lower than the iPod.[70]
Controversy
See also: Criticism of Facebook and Use of social network websites in investigations
Facebook has met with some controversy over the past few years. In October 2005, the University of New Mexico blocked access to Facebook from its campus computers and networks.[71] It cited a violation of the university's Acceptable Use Policy for abusing computer resources as the reason, stating the website forces use of the university's credentials for activity not related to the university. The school later unblocked Facebook after the website rectified the situation by displaying a notice on the login page stating the credentials used on the website are separate from the ones used for their school accounts.[72] The Ontario government also blocked access to Facebook for its employees in May 2007, stating the website was "not directly related to the workplace".[73]
A notable ancillary effect of social networking websites like Facebook is the ability for participants to mourn publicly for a deceased individual. On January 1, 2008, a memorial group on Facebook posted the identity of murdered Toronto teenager Stefanie Rengel, whose family had not yet given the Toronto Police Service their consent to release her name to the media.[74] While police and Facebook staff attempted to comply with the privacy regulations by deleting posts mentioning her name, they noted it was difficult to effectively police individual users who repeatedly republished the deleted information.[75]
Due to the open nature of Facebook, several countries have banned access to it including Syria and Iran.[76][77] The Syrian government cited the ban was on the premise that the website promoted attacks on authorities.[76][78] The government also feared Israeli infiltration of Syrian social networks on Facebook.[76] Facebook was also used by Syrian citizens to criticize the government, and public criticism of the Syrian government is punishable by imprisonment.[76] In Iran, the website was banned because of fears that opposition movements were being organized on the website.[77]
Beacon
Main article: Facebook Beacon
Facebook announced Facebook Beacon on November 7, 2007, a marketing initiative that allows websites to publish a user's activities to their Facebook profile as "Social Ads" and promote products.[79] When launching Beacon, Facebook stated "no personally identifiable information is shared with an advertiser in creating a Social Ad", and that "Facebook users will only see Social Ads to the extent their friends are sharing information with them."[80] After Facebook was criticized for collecting more user information for advertisers than was previously stated, Zuckerberg publicly apologized on December 5, 2007 for the way Facebook launched Beacon, saying, "The problem with our initial approach of making it an opt-out system instead of opt-in was that if someone forgot to decline to share something, Beacon still went ahead and shared it with their friends."[81][82]
Privacy
Several concerns have emerged regarding the use of Facebook as a means of surveillance and data mining.[83] Two MIT students were able to download over 70,000 Facebook profiles from four schools (MIT, New York University, the University of Oklahoma, and Harvard University) using an automated shell script, as part of a research project on Facebook privacy published on December 14, 2005.[84] The possibility of data mining remains open, as evidenced in May 2008, when the BBC technology program "Click" demonstrated that personal details of Facebook users and their friends could be stolen by submitting malicious applications.[85]
Privacy proponents have criticized the site's privacy agreement, which states: "We may use information about you that we collect from other sources, including but not limited to newspapers and Internet sources such as blogs, instant messaging services, Facebook Platform developers and other users of Facebook, to supplement your profile."[86] Another clause that received criticism concerned Facebook's right to sell a user's data to private companies, stating: "We may share your information with third parties, including responsible companies with which we have a relationship."[87] This concern was addressed by Facebook spokesman Chris Hughes who said, "Simply put, we have never provided our users' information to third party companies, nor do we intend to."[88]
Concerns have also been raised regarding the difficulty of deleting user accounts. Previously, Facebook only allowed users to "deactivate" their accounts so that their profile was no longer visible. However, any information the user had entered into the website and on their profile remained on the website's servers. This outraged many users who wished to remove their accounts permanently, citing reasons such as the inability to erase "embarrassing or overly-personal online profiles from their student days as they entered the job market, for fear employers would locate the profiles".[89] Facebook changed its account deletion policies on February 29, 2008, allowing users to contact the website to request that their accounts be permanently deleted.[90]
ferences
7 External links
History
Mark Zuckerberg founded "The Facebook", originally located at thefacebook.com, in February 2004 while attending Harvard University as a sophomore.[1] The company dropped The from its name after purchasing the domain name facebook.com in 2005 for $200,000.[4] Membership was initially restricted to students of Harvard College, and within the first month, more than half the undergraduate population at Harvard were registered on the service.[5] Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes soon joined Zuckerberg to help promote the website. In March 2004, Facebook expanded to Stanford, Columbia, and Yale.[6] This expansion continued when it opened to all Ivy League schools and gradually most universities in Canada and the United States.[7] In June, Facebook moved its base of operations to Palo Alto, California.[6]
Facebook launched a high school version in September 2005; Zuckerberg called it the next logical step.[8] High school networks required an invitation to join.[9] Facebook later expanded membership eligibility to employees of several companies including Apple Inc. and Microsoft.[10] Facebook was then opened to everyone with a valid e-mail address, aside from people under the age of 13, on September 26, 2006.[11][12]
Funding
Facebook headquarters in Palo Alto, CaliforniaFacebook received its first investment of US$500,000 in June 2004 from PayPal co-founder Peter Thiel.[13] This was followed a year later by $12.7 million in venture capital from Accel Partners, and then $27.5 million more from Greylock Partners.[13][14] A cash flow statement was leaked, showing that during the 2005 fiscal year, Facebook had a net loss of $3.63 million.[15] Microsoft approached Facebook in September 2007, proposing an investment in return for a 5% stake in the company. Microsoft would pay an estimated $300–500 million for the share.[16] Microsoft announced on October 24, 2007 that it purchased a 1.6% share of Facebook for $246 million.[17] On November 30, 2007, Hong Kong billionaire Li Ka-shing invested $60 million in Facebook.[18]
BusinessWeek reported on March 28, 2006 that a potential acquisition of the website was under negotiation. Facebook reportedly declined an offer of $750 million from an unknown bidder, and it was rumored the asking price rose as high as $2 billion.[19] With the sale of social networking website MySpace to News Corp on July 19, 2005, rumors surfaced about the possible sale of Facebook to a larger media company.[20] Zuckerberg had already said he did not want to sell the company and denied rumors to the contrary.[21] In late September, serious talks between Facebook and Yahoo! took place concerning acquisition of the social network, with prices reaching as high as $1 billion.[22] Thiel, by then a board member of Facebook, indicated that Facebook's internal valuation was around $8 billion based on their projected revenues of $1 billion by 2015, comparable to Viacom's MTV brand, a company with a shared target demographic audience.[23] Other companies, including Google, expressed interest in September 2007 to buy a portion of Facebook.[24] Amid the rumors, Zuckerberg claimed that selling Facebook was unlikely because he wanted to keep it independent, stating on July 17, 2007, "We're not really looking to sell the company. [...] We're not looking to IPO anytime soon. It's just not the core focus of the company."[25]
Website
On the homepage for Facebook, a login form is shown on the left, and a registration form is shown on the right.Facebook users can choose to join one or more networks, organized by city, workplace, school, and region.[26] These networks help users connect with members of the same network. Users can also connect with friends, giving them access to their friends' profiles.[27]
The website is free to users, but generates revenue from advertising, including banner ads.[28] Users can create profiles including photos and lists of personal interests, exchange private or public messages, and join groups of friends.[29] The viewing of detailed profile data is restricted to users from the same network or confirmed friends.
Microsoft is Facebook's exclusive partner for serving banner advertising,[30] and as such Facebook only serves advertisements that exist in Microsoft's advertisement inventory. According to comScore, an internet marketing research company, Facebook collects as much data from its visitors as Google and Microsoft but considerably less than Yahoo! when compared with other web companies.[31]
Features
Main article: Facebook features
The media often compares Facebook to MySpace, but one significant difference between the two websites is the level of customization.[32] MySpace allows users to decorate their profiles using HTML and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), while Facebook only allows plain text.[33]
Facebook has a number of features for users to interact with. They include the Wall, a space on every user's profile page that allows friends to post messages for the user to see,[34] Pokes, which allows users to send a virtual "poke" to each other (a notification that tells a user that they have been poked),[35] Photos, where users can upload albums and photos,[36] and Status, which allows users to inform their friends of their whereabouts and actions.[37] A user's Wall is visible to anyone who is able to see that user's profile, which depends on their privacy settings. In July 2007, Facebook began allowing users to post attachments to the Wall, whereas the Wall was previously limited to textual content only.[34]
Over time, Facebook has added several new features to its website. On September 6, 2006, a News Feed was announced, which appears on every user's homepage and highlights information including profile changes, upcoming events, and birthdays related to the user's friends.[38] Initially, the News Feed caused dissatisfaction among Facebook users; some complained it was too cluttered and full of undesired information, while others were concerned it made it too easy for other people to track down individual activities (such as changes in relationship status, events, and conversations with other users).[39] In response to this dissatisfaction, Zuckerberg issued an apology for the site's failure to include appropriate customizable privacy features. Since then, users have been able to control what types of information are shared automatically with friends. Users are now able to prevent friends from seeing updates about different types of activities, including profile changes, Wall posts, and newly added friends.[40]
One of the most popular applications on Facebook is the Photos application, where users can upload albums and photos.[41] Facebook allows users to upload an unlimited number of photos, compared with other image hosting services such as Photobucket and Flickr, which apply limits to the number of photos that a user is allowed to upload. However, users are limited to 60 photos per album. Privacy settings can be set for individual albums, limiting the groups of users that can see an album. For example, the privacy of an album can be set so that only the user's friends can see the album, while the privacy of another album can be set so that all Facebook users can see it. Another feature of the Photos applications is the ability to "tag", or label users in a photo. For instance, if a photo contains a user's friend, then the user can tag the friend in the photo. This sends a notification to the friend that they have been tagged, and provides them a link to see the photo.[42]
Facebook Notes was introduced on August 22, 2006, a blogging feature that allowed tags and embeddable images. Users were later able to import blogs from Xanga, LiveJournal, Blogger, and other blogging services.[11] During the week of April 7, 2008, Facebook released a Comet-based[43] instant messaging application called "Chat" to several networks,[44] which allows users to communicate with friends and is similar in functionality to desktop-based instant messengers.
Facebook launched Gifts on February 8, 2007, which allows users to send virtual gifts to their friends that appear on the recipient's profile. Gifts cost $1.00 each to purchase, and a personalized message can be attached to each gift.[45][46] On May 14, 2007, Facebook launched Marketplace, which lets users post free classified ads.[47] Marketplace has been compared to Craigslist by CNET, which points out that the major difference between the two is that listings posted by a user on Marketplace are only seen by users that are in the same network as that user, whereas listings posted on Craigslist can be seen by anyone.[48]
On July 20, 2008, Facebook introduced a significant redesign of its user interface on selected networks. The Mini-Feed and and Wall were consolidated, profiles were separated into tabbed sections, and an effort was made to create a "cleaner" look. The company said the changes would become visible to all users in the "coming days."[49]
Platform
Facebook launched the Facebook Platform on May 24, 2007, providing a framework for software developers to create applications that interact with core Facebook features.[50][51] A markup language called Facebook markup language was introduced simultaneously; it is used to customize the "look and feel" of applications that developers create. Using the Platform, Facebook launched several new applications,[50][51] including Gifts, allowing users to send virtual gifts to each other, Marketplace, allowing users to post free classified ads, Events, giving users a method of informing their friends about upcoming events, and Video, letting users share homemade videos with one another.[52][53]
Applications that have been created on the Platform include chess and Scrabble, which both allow users to play games with their friends.[54][55] These games are asynchronous, meaning that a user's moves are saved on the website, allowing the next move to be made at any time rather than immediately after the previous move.[56] Within a few months of launching the Facebook Platform, issues arose regarding "application spam", which involves Facebook applications "spamming" users to request it be installed.[57] Application spam has been considered one of the possible causes to the drop in visitors to Facebook starting from the beginning of 2008,[citation needed] when its growth had fallen from December 2007 to January 2008, its first drop since its launch in 2004.[citation needed]
Reception and popularity
Facebook attracted 123.9 million unique visitors in May 2008, a figure higher than main competitor MySpace.[58] According to Alexa, the website's ranking among all websites increased from 60th to 7th in terms of traffic, from September 2006 to September 2007, and is currently 5th.[59] Quantcast ranks the website 16th in US in terms of traffic,[60] and Compete.com ranks it 20th in US.[61] The website is the most popular for uploading photos, with 14 million uploaded daily.[62] On November 3, 2007, there were seven thousand applications on Facebook, with another hundred created everyday.[63] It has since become the world's most popular social networking site, after overtaking MySpace[64].
Facebook is the most popular social networking site in several English-speaking countries, including Canada[65] and the United Kingdom.[66] However, in the United States, it has only 36 million users compared to MySpace's 73 million.[67] The website has won awards such as placement into the "Top 100 Classic Websites" by PC Magazine in 2007,[68] and winning the "People's Voice Award" from the Webby Awards in 2008.[69] In a 2006 study conducted by Student Monitor, a New Jersey-based company specializing in research concerning the college student market, Facebook was named the second most popular thing among undergraduates, tied with beer and only ranked lower than the iPod.[70]
Controversy
See also: Criticism of Facebook and Use of social network websites in investigations
Facebook has met with some controversy over the past few years. In October 2005, the University of New Mexico blocked access to Facebook from its campus computers and networks.[71] It cited a violation of the university's Acceptable Use Policy for abusing computer resources as the reason, stating the website forces use of the university's credentials for activity not related to the university. The school later unblocked Facebook after the website rectified the situation by displaying a notice on the login page stating the credentials used on the website are separate from the ones used for their school accounts.[72] The Ontario government also blocked access to Facebook for its employees in May 2007, stating the website was "not directly related to the workplace".[73]
A notable ancillary effect of social networking websites like Facebook is the ability for participants to mourn publicly for a deceased individual. On January 1, 2008, a memorial group on Facebook posted the identity of murdered Toronto teenager Stefanie Rengel, whose family had not yet given the Toronto Police Service their consent to release her name to the media.[74] While police and Facebook staff attempted to comply with the privacy regulations by deleting posts mentioning her name, they noted it was difficult to effectively police individual users who repeatedly republished the deleted information.[75]
Due to the open nature of Facebook, several countries have banned access to it including Syria and Iran.[76][77] The Syrian government cited the ban was on the premise that the website promoted attacks on authorities.[76][78] The government also feared Israeli infiltration of Syrian social networks on Facebook.[76] Facebook was also used by Syrian citizens to criticize the government, and public criticism of the Syrian government is punishable by imprisonment.[76] In Iran, the website was banned because of fears that opposition movements were being organized on the website.[77]
Beacon
Main article: Facebook Beacon
Facebook announced Facebook Beacon on November 7, 2007, a marketing initiative that allows websites to publish a user's activities to their Facebook profile as "Social Ads" and promote products.[79] When launching Beacon, Facebook stated "no personally identifiable information is shared with an advertiser in creating a Social Ad", and that "Facebook users will only see Social Ads to the extent their friends are sharing information with them."[80] After Facebook was criticized for collecting more user information for advertisers than was previously stated, Zuckerberg publicly apologized on December 5, 2007 for the way Facebook launched Beacon, saying, "The problem with our initial approach of making it an opt-out system instead of opt-in was that if someone forgot to decline to share something, Beacon still went ahead and shared it with their friends."[81][82]
Privacy
Several concerns have emerged regarding the use of Facebook as a means of surveillance and data mining.[83] Two MIT students were able to download over 70,000 Facebook profiles from four schools (MIT, New York University, the University of Oklahoma, and Harvard University) using an automated shell script, as part of a research project on Facebook privacy published on December 14, 2005.[84] The possibility of data mining remains open, as evidenced in May 2008, when the BBC technology program "Click" demonstrated that personal details of Facebook users and their friends could be stolen by submitting malicious applications.[85]
Privacy proponents have criticized the site's privacy agreement, which states: "We may use information about you that we collect from other sources, including but not limited to newspapers and Internet sources such as blogs, instant messaging services, Facebook Platform developers and other users of Facebook, to supplement your profile."[86] Another clause that received criticism concerned Facebook's right to sell a user's data to private companies, stating: "We may share your information with third parties, including responsible companies with which we have a relationship."[87] This concern was addressed by Facebook spokesman Chris Hughes who said, "Simply put, we have never provided our users' information to third party companies, nor do we intend to."[88]
Concerns have also been raised regarding the difficulty of deleting user accounts. Previously, Facebook only allowed users to "deactivate" their accounts so that their profile was no longer visible. However, any information the user had entered into the website and on their profile remained on the website's servers. This outraged many users who wished to remove their accounts permanently, citing reasons such as the inability to erase "embarrassing or overly-personal online profiles from their student days as they entered the job market, for fear employers would locate the profiles".[89] Facebook changed its account deletion policies on February 29, 2008, allowing users to contact the website to request that their accounts be permanently deleted.[90]
11. FACEBOOK Este website tiene mas de 80 millones de miembros activos a nivel mundial.
Características:
Mi perfil
Wall (Mensajes a otros)
Poke (Molestar a otros)
Photos (Compartir álbumes de fotografías)
Status (Permite informar dónde estoy y como estoy)
News Feed (Noticias)
Blogs
Chat
Marketplace (Clasificados) ferences
7 External links
History
Mark Zuckerberg founded "The Facebook", originally located at thefacebook.com, in February 2004 while attending Harvard University as a sophomore.[1] The company dropped The from its name after purchasing the domain name facebook.com in 2005 for $200,000.[4] Membership was initially restricted to students of Harvard College, and within the first month, more than half the undergraduate population at Harvard were registered on the service.[5] Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes soon joined Zuckerberg to help promote the website. In March 2004, Facebook expanded to Stanford, Columbia, and Yale.[6] This expansion continued when it opened to all Ivy League schools and gradually most universities in Canada and the United States.[7] In June, Facebook moved its base of operations to Palo Alto, California.[6]
Facebook launched a high school version in September 2005; Zuckerberg called it the next logical step.[8] High school networks required an invitation to join.[9] Facebook later expanded membership eligibility to employees of several companies including Apple Inc. and Microsoft.[10] Facebook was then opened to everyone with a valid e-mail address, aside from people under the age of 13, on September 26, 2006.[11][12]
Funding
Facebook headquarters in Palo Alto, CaliforniaFacebook received its first investment of US$500,000 in June 2004 from PayPal co-founder Peter Thiel.[13] This was followed a year later by $12.7 million in venture capital from Accel Partners, and then $27.5 million more from Greylock Partners.[13][14] A cash flow statement was leaked, showing that during the 2005 fiscal year, Facebook had a net loss of $3.63 million.[15] Microsoft approached Facebook in September 2007, proposing an investment in return for a 5% stake in the company. Microsoft would pay an estimated $300–500 million for the share.[16] Microsoft announced on October 24, 2007 that it purchased a 1.6% share of Facebook for $246 million.[17] On November 30, 2007, Hong Kong billionaire Li Ka-shing invested $60 million in Facebook.[18]
BusinessWeek reported on March 28, 2006 that a potential acquisition of the website was under negotiation. Facebook reportedly declined an offer of $750 million from an unknown bidder, and it was rumored the asking price rose as high as $2 billion.[19] With the sale of social networking website MySpace to News Corp on July 19, 2005, rumors surfaced about the possible sale of Facebook to a larger media company.[20] Zuckerberg had already said he did not want to sell the company and denied rumors to the contrary.[21] In late September, serious talks between Facebook and Yahoo! took place concerning acquisition of the social network, with prices reaching as high as $1 billion.[22] Thiel, by then a board member of Facebook, indicated that Facebook's internal valuation was around $8 billion based on their projected revenues of $1 billion by 2015, comparable to Viacom's MTV brand, a company with a shared target demographic audience.[23] Other companies, including Google, expressed interest in September 2007 to buy a portion of Facebook.[24] Amid the rumors, Zuckerberg claimed that selling Facebook was unlikely because he wanted to keep it independent, stating on July 17, 2007, "We're not really looking to sell the company. [...] We're not looking to IPO anytime soon. It's just not the core focus of the company."[25]
Website
On the homepage for Facebook, a login form is shown on the left, and a registration form is shown on the right.Facebook users can choose to join one or more networks, organized by city, workplace, school, and region.[26] These networks help users connect with members of the same network. Users can also connect with friends, giving them access to their friends' profiles.[27]
The website is free to users, but generates revenue from advertising, including banner ads.[28] Users can create profiles including photos and lists of personal interests, exchange private or public messages, and join groups of friends.[29] The viewing of detailed profile data is restricted to users from the same network or confirmed friends.
Microsoft is Facebook's exclusive partner for serving banner advertising,[30] and as such Facebook only serves advertisements that exist in Microsoft's advertisement inventory. According to comScore, an internet marketing research company, Facebook collects as much data from its visitors as Google and Microsoft but considerably less than Yahoo! when compared with other web companies.[31]
Features
Main article: Facebook features
The media often compares Facebook to MySpace, but one significant difference between the two websites is the level of customization.[32] MySpace allows users to decorate their profiles using HTML and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), while Facebook only allows plain text.[33]
Facebook has a number of features for users to interact with. They include the Wall, a space on every user's profile page that allows friends to post messages for the user to see,[34] Pokes, which allows users to send a virtual "poke" to each other (a notification that tells a user that they have been poked),[35] Photos, where users can upload albums and photos,[36] and Status, which allows users to inform their friends of their whereabouts and actions.[37] A user's Wall is visible to anyone who is able to see that user's profile, which depends on their privacy settings. In July 2007, Facebook began allowing users to post attachments to the Wall, whereas the Wall was previously limited to textual content only.[34]
Over time, Facebook has added several new features to its website. On September 6, 2006, a News Feed was announced, which appears on every user's homepage and highlights information including profile changes, upcoming events, and birthdays related to the user's friends.[38] Initially, the News Feed caused dissatisfaction among Facebook users; some complained it was too cluttered and full of undesired information, while others were concerned it made it too easy for other people to track down individual activities (such as changes in relationship status, events, and conversations with other users).[39] In response to this dissatisfaction, Zuckerberg issued an apology for the site's failure to include appropriate customizable privacy features. Since then, users have been able to control what types of information are shared automatically with friends. Users are now able to prevent friends from seeing updates about different types of activities, including profile changes, Wall posts, and newly added friends.[40]
One of the most popular applications on Facebook is the Photos application, where users can upload albums and photos.[41] Facebook allows users to upload an unlimited number of photos, compared with other image hosting services such as Photobucket and Flickr, which apply limits to the number of photos that a user is allowed to upload. However, users are limited to 60 photos per album. Privacy settings can be set for individual albums, limiting the groups of users that can see an album. For example, the privacy of an album can be set so that only the user's friends can see the album, while the privacy of another album can be set so that all Facebook users can see it. Another feature of the Photos applications is the ability to "tag", or label users in a photo. For instance, if a photo contains a user's friend, then the user can tag the friend in the photo. This sends a notification to the friend that they have been tagged, and provides them a link to see the photo.[42]
Facebook Notes was introduced on August 22, 2006, a blogging feature that allowed tags and embeddable images. Users were later able to import blogs from Xanga, LiveJournal, Blogger, and other blogging services.[11] During the week of April 7, 2008, Facebook released a Comet-based[43] instant messaging application called "Chat" to several networks,[44] which allows users to communicate with friends and is similar in functionality to desktop-based instant messengers.
Facebook launched Gifts on February 8, 2007, which allows users to send virtual gifts to their friends that appear on the recipient's profile. Gifts cost $1.00 each to purchase, and a personalized message can be attached to each gift.[45][46] On May 14, 2007, Facebook launched Marketplace, which lets users post free classified ads.[47] Marketplace has been compared to Craigslist by CNET, which points out that the major difference between the two is that listings posted by a user on Marketplace are only seen by users that are in the same network as that user, whereas listings posted on Craigslist can be seen by anyone.[48]
On July 20, 2008, Facebook introduced a significant redesign of its user interface on selected networks. The Mini-Feed and and Wall were consolidated, profiles were separated into tabbed sections, and an effort was made to create a "cleaner" look. The company said the changes would become visible to all users in the "coming days."[49]
Platform
Facebook launched the Facebook Platform on May 24, 2007, providing a framework for software developers to create applications that interact with core Facebook features.[50][51] A markup language called Facebook markup language was introduced simultaneously; it is used to customize the "look and feel" of applications that developers create. Using the Platform, Facebook launched several new applications,[50][51] including Gifts, allowing users to send virtual gifts to each other, Marketplace, allowing users to post free classified ads, Events, giving users a method of informing their friends about upcoming events, and Video, letting users share homemade videos with one another.[52][53]
Applications that have been created on the Platform include chess and Scrabble, which both allow users to play games with their friends.[54][55] These games are asynchronous, meaning that a user's moves are saved on the website, allowing the next move to be made at any time rather than immediately after the previous move.[56] Within a few months of launching the Facebook Platform, issues arose regarding "application spam", which involves Facebook applications "spamming" users to request it be installed.[57] Application spam has been considered one of the possible causes to the drop in visitors to Facebook starting from the beginning of 2008,[citation needed] when its growth had fallen from December 2007 to January 2008, its first drop since its launch in 2004.[citation needed]
Reception and popularity
Facebook attracted 123.9 million unique visitors in May 2008, a figure higher than main competitor MySpace.[58] According to Alexa, the website's ranking among all websites increased from 60th to 7th in terms of traffic, from September 2006 to September 2007, and is currently 5th.[59] Quantcast ranks the website 16th in US in terms of traffic,[60] and Compete.com ranks it 20th in US.[61] The website is the most popular for uploading photos, with 14 million uploaded daily.[62] On November 3, 2007, there were seven thousand applications on Facebook, with another hundred created everyday.[63] It has since become the world's most popular social networking site, after overtaking MySpace[64].
Facebook is the most popular social networking site in several English-speaking countries, including Canada[65] and the United Kingdom.[66] However, in the United States, it has only 36 million users compared to MySpace's 73 million.[67] The website has won awards such as placement into the "Top 100 Classic Websites" by PC Magazine in 2007,[68] and winning the "People's Voice Award" from the Webby Awards in 2008.[69] In a 2006 study conducted by Student Monitor, a New Jersey-based company specializing in research concerning the college student market, Facebook was named the second most popular thing among undergraduates, tied with beer and only ranked lower than the iPod.[70]
Controversy
See also: Criticism of Facebook and Use of social network websites in investigations
Facebook has met with some controversy over the past few years. In October 2005, the University of New Mexico blocked access to Facebook from its campus computers and networks.[71] It cited a violation of the university's Acceptable Use Policy for abusing computer resources as the reason, stating the website forces use of the university's credentials for activity not related to the university. The school later unblocked Facebook after the website rectified the situation by displaying a notice on the login page stating the credentials used on the website are separate from the ones used for their school accounts.[72] The Ontario government also blocked access to Facebook for its employees in May 2007, stating the website was "not directly related to the workplace".[73]
A notable ancillary effect of social networking websites like Facebook is the ability for participants to mourn publicly for a deceased individual. On January 1, 2008, a memorial group on Facebook posted the identity of murdered Toronto teenager Stefanie Rengel, whose family had not yet given the Toronto Police Service their consent to release her name to the media.[74] While police and Facebook staff attempted to comply with the privacy regulations by deleting posts mentioning her name, they noted it was difficult to effectively police individual users who repeatedly republished the deleted information.[75]
Due to the open nature of Facebook, several countries have banned access to it including Syria and Iran.[76][77] The Syrian government cited the ban was on the premise that the website promoted attacks on authorities.[76][78] The government also feared Israeli infiltration of Syrian social networks on Facebook.[76] Facebook was also used by Syrian citizens to criticize the government, and public criticism of the Syrian government is punishable by imprisonment.[76] In Iran, the website was banned because of fears that opposition movements were being organized on the website.[77]
Beacon
Main article: Facebook Beacon
Facebook announced Facebook Beacon on November 7, 2007, a marketing initiative that allows websites to publish a user's activities to their Facebook profile as "Social Ads" and promote products.[79] When launching Beacon, Facebook stated "no personally identifiable information is shared with an advertiser in creating a Social Ad", and that "Facebook users will only see Social Ads to the extent their friends are sharing information with them."[80] After Facebook was criticized for collecting more user information for advertisers than was previously stated, Zuckerberg publicly apologized on December 5, 2007 for the way Facebook launched Beacon, saying, "The problem with our initial approach of making it an opt-out system instead of opt-in was that if someone forgot to decline to share something, Beacon still went ahead and shared it with their friends."[81][82]
Privacy
Several concerns have emerged regarding the use of Facebook as a means of surveillance and data mining.[83] Two MIT students were able to download over 70,000 Facebook profiles from four schools (MIT, New York University, the University of Oklahoma, and Harvard University) using an automated shell script, as part of a research project on Facebook privacy published on December 14, 2005.[84] The possibility of data mining remains open, as evidenced in May 2008, when the BBC technology program "Click" demonstrated that personal details of Facebook users and their friends could be stolen by submitting malicious applications.[85]
Privacy proponents have criticized the site's privacy agreement, which states: "We may use information about you that we collect from other sources, including but not limited to newspapers and Internet sources such as blogs, instant messaging services, Facebook Platform developers and other users of Facebook, to supplement your profile."[86] Another clause that received criticism concerned Facebook's right to sell a user's data to private companies, stating: "We may share your information with third parties, including responsible companies with which we have a relationship."[87] This concern was addressed by Facebook spokesman Chris Hughes who said, "Simply put, we have never provided our users' information to third party companies, nor do we intend to."[88]
Concerns have also been raised regarding the difficulty of deleting user accounts. Previously, Facebook only allowed users to "deactivate" their accounts so that their profile was no longer visible. However, any information the user had entered into the website and on their profile remained on the website's servers. This outraged many users who wished to remove their accounts permanently, citing reasons such as the inability to erase "embarrassing or overly-personal online profiles from their student days as they entered the job market, for fear employers would locate the profiles".[89] Facebook changed its account deletion policies on February 29, 2008, allowing users to contact the website to request that their accounts be permanently deleted.[90]
ferences
7 External links
History
Mark Zuckerberg founded "The Facebook", originally located at thefacebook.com, in February 2004 while attending Harvard University as a sophomore.[1] The company dropped The from its name after purchasing the domain name facebook.com in 2005 for $200,000.[4] Membership was initially restricted to students of Harvard College, and within the first month, more than half the undergraduate population at Harvard were registered on the service.[5] Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes soon joined Zuckerberg to help promote the website. In March 2004, Facebook expanded to Stanford, Columbia, and Yale.[6] This expansion continued when it opened to all Ivy League schools and gradually most universities in Canada and the United States.[7] In June, Facebook moved its base of operations to Palo Alto, California.[6]
Facebook launched a high school version in September 2005; Zuckerberg called it the next logical step.[8] High school networks required an invitation to join.[9] Facebook later expanded membership eligibility to employees of several companies including Apple Inc. and Microsoft.[10] Facebook was then opened to everyone with a valid e-mail address, aside from people under the age of 13, on September 26, 2006.[11][12]
Funding
Facebook headquarters in Palo Alto, CaliforniaFacebook received its first investment of US$500,000 in June 2004 from PayPal co-founder Peter Thiel.[13] This was followed a year later by $12.7 million in venture capital from Accel Partners, and then $27.5 million more from Greylock Partners.[13][14] A cash flow statement was leaked, showing that during the 2005 fiscal year, Facebook had a net loss of $3.63 million.[15] Microsoft approached Facebook in September 2007, proposing an investment in return for a 5% stake in the company. Microsoft would pay an estimated $300–500 million for the share.[16] Microsoft announced on October 24, 2007 that it purchased a 1.6% share of Facebook for $246 million.[17] On November 30, 2007, Hong Kong billionaire Li Ka-shing invested $60 million in Facebook.[18]
BusinessWeek reported on March 28, 2006 that a potential acquisition of the website was under negotiation. Facebook reportedly declined an offer of $750 million from an unknown bidder, and it was rumored the asking price rose as high as $2 billion.[19] With the sale of social networking website MySpace to News Corp on July 19, 2005, rumors surfaced about the possible sale of Facebook to a larger media company.[20] Zuckerberg had already said he did not want to sell the company and denied rumors to the contrary.[21] In late September, serious talks between Facebook and Yahoo! took place concerning acquisition of the social network, with prices reaching as high as $1 billion.[22] Thiel, by then a board member of Facebook, indicated that Facebook's internal valuation was around $8 billion based on their projected revenues of $1 billion by 2015, comparable to Viacom's MTV brand, a company with a shared target demographic audience.[23] Other companies, including Google, expressed interest in September 2007 to buy a portion of Facebook.[24] Amid the rumors, Zuckerberg claimed that selling Facebook was unlikely because he wanted to keep it independent, stating on July 17, 2007, "We're not really looking to sell the company. [...] We're not looking to IPO anytime soon. It's just not the core focus of the company."[25]
Website
On the homepage for Facebook, a login form is shown on the left, and a registration form is shown on the right.Facebook users can choose to join one or more networks, organized by city, workplace, school, and region.[26] These networks help users connect with members of the same network. Users can also connect with friends, giving them access to their friends' profiles.[27]
The website is free to users, but generates revenue from advertising, including banner ads.[28] Users can create profiles including photos and lists of personal interests, exchange private or public messages, and join groups of friends.[29] The viewing of detailed profile data is restricted to users from the same network or confirmed friends.
Microsoft is Facebook's exclusive partner for serving banner advertising,[30] and as such Facebook only serves advertisements that exist in Microsoft's advertisement inventory. According to comScore, an internet marketing research company, Facebook collects as much data from its visitors as Google and Microsoft but considerably less than Yahoo! when compared with other web companies.[31]
Features
Main article: Facebook features
The media often compares Facebook to MySpace, but one significant difference between the two websites is the level of customization.[32] MySpace allows users to decorate their profiles using HTML and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), while Facebook only allows plain text.[33]
Facebook has a number of features for users to interact with. They include the Wall, a space on every user's profile page that allows friends to post messages for the user to see,[34] Pokes, which allows users to send a virtual "poke" to each other (a notification that tells a user that they have been poked),[35] Photos, where users can upload albums and photos,[36] and Status, which allows users to inform their friends of their whereabouts and actions.[37] A user's Wall is visible to anyone who is able to see that user's profile, which depends on their privacy settings. In July 2007, Facebook began allowing users to post attachments to the Wall, whereas the Wall was previously limited to textual content only.[34]
Over time, Facebook has added several new features to its website. On September 6, 2006, a News Feed was announced, which appears on every user's homepage and highlights information including profile changes, upcoming events, and birthdays related to the user's friends.[38] Initially, the News Feed caused dissatisfaction among Facebook users; some complained it was too cluttered and full of undesired information, while others were concerned it made it too easy for other people to track down individual activities (such as changes in relationship status, events, and conversations with other users).[39] In response to this dissatisfaction, Zuckerberg issued an apology for the site's failure to include appropriate customizable privacy features. Since then, users have been able to control what types of information are shared automatically with friends. Users are now able to prevent friends from seeing updates about different types of activities, including profile changes, Wall posts, and newly added friends.[40]
One of the most popular applications on Facebook is the Photos application, where users can upload albums and photos.[41] Facebook allows users to upload an unlimited number of photos, compared with other image hosting services such as Photobucket and Flickr, which apply limits to the number of photos that a user is allowed to upload. However, users are limited to 60 photos per album. Privacy settings can be set for individual albums, limiting the groups of users that can see an album. For example, the privacy of an album can be set so that only the user's friends can see the album, while the privacy of another album can be set so that all Facebook users can see it. Another feature of the Photos applications is the ability to "tag", or label users in a photo. For instance, if a photo contains a user's friend, then the user can tag the friend in the photo. This sends a notification to the friend that they have been tagged, and provides them a link to see the photo.[42]
Facebook Notes was introduced on August 22, 2006, a blogging feature that allowed tags and embeddable images. Users were later able to import blogs from Xanga, LiveJournal, Blogger, and other blogging services.[11] During the week of April 7, 2008, Facebook released a Comet-based[43] instant messaging application called "Chat" to several networks,[44] which allows users to communicate with friends and is similar in functionality to desktop-based instant messengers.
Facebook launched Gifts on February 8, 2007, which allows users to send virtual gifts to their friends that appear on the recipient's profile. Gifts cost $1.00 each to purchase, and a personalized message can be attached to each gift.[45][46] On May 14, 2007, Facebook launched Marketplace, which lets users post free classified ads.[47] Marketplace has been compared to Craigslist by CNET, which points out that the major difference between the two is that listings posted by a user on Marketplace are only seen by users that are in the same network as that user, whereas listings posted on Craigslist can be seen by anyone.[48]
On July 20, 2008, Facebook introduced a significant redesign of its user interface on selected networks. The Mini-Feed and and Wall were consolidated, profiles were separated into tabbed sections, and an effort was made to create a "cleaner" look. The company said the changes would become visible to all users in the "coming days."[49]
Platform
Facebook launched the Facebook Platform on May 24, 2007, providing a framework for software developers to create applications that interact with core Facebook features.[50][51] A markup language called Facebook markup language was introduced simultaneously; it is used to customize the "look and feel" of applications that developers create. Using the Platform, Facebook launched several new applications,[50][51] including Gifts, allowing users to send virtual gifts to each other, Marketplace, allowing users to post free classified ads, Events, giving users a method of informing their friends about upcoming events, and Video, letting users share homemade videos with one another.[52][53]
Applications that have been created on the Platform include chess and Scrabble, which both allow users to play games with their friends.[54][55] These games are asynchronous, meaning that a user's moves are saved on the website, allowing the next move to be made at any time rather than immediately after the previous move.[56] Within a few months of launching the Facebook Platform, issues arose regarding "application spam", which involves Facebook applications "spamming" users to request it be installed.[57] Application spam has been considered one of the possible causes to the drop in visitors to Facebook starting from the beginning of 2008,[citation needed] when its growth had fallen from December 2007 to January 2008, its first drop since its launch in 2004.[citation needed]
Reception and popularity
Facebook attracted 123.9 million unique visitors in May 2008, a figure higher than main competitor MySpace.[58] According to Alexa, the website's ranking among all websites increased from 60th to 7th in terms of traffic, from September 2006 to September 2007, and is currently 5th.[59] Quantcast ranks the website 16th in US in terms of traffic,[60] and Compete.com ranks it 20th in US.[61] The website is the most popular for uploading photos, with 14 million uploaded daily.[62] On November 3, 2007, there were seven thousand applications on Facebook, with another hundred created everyday.[63] It has since become the world's most popular social networking site, after overtaking MySpace[64].
Facebook is the most popular social networking site in several English-speaking countries, including Canada[65] and the United Kingdom.[66] However, in the United States, it has only 36 million users compared to MySpace's 73 million.[67] The website has won awards such as placement into the "Top 100 Classic Websites" by PC Magazine in 2007,[68] and winning the "People's Voice Award" from the Webby Awards in 2008.[69] In a 2006 study conducted by Student Monitor, a New Jersey-based company specializing in research concerning the college student market, Facebook was named the second most popular thing among undergraduates, tied with beer and only ranked lower than the iPod.[70]
Controversy
See also: Criticism of Facebook and Use of social network websites in investigations
Facebook has met with some controversy over the past few years. In October 2005, the University of New Mexico blocked access to Facebook from its campus computers and networks.[71] It cited a violation of the university's Acceptable Use Policy for abusing computer resources as the reason, stating the website forces use of the university's credentials for activity not related to the university. The school later unblocked Facebook after the website rectified the situation by displaying a notice on the login page stating the credentials used on the website are separate from the ones used for their school accounts.[72] The Ontario government also blocked access to Facebook for its employees in May 2007, stating the website was "not directly related to the workplace".[73]
A notable ancillary effect of social networking websites like Facebook is the ability for participants to mourn publicly for a deceased individual. On January 1, 2008, a memorial group on Facebook posted the identity of murdered Toronto teenager Stefanie Rengel, whose family had not yet given the Toronto Police Service their consent to release her name to the media.[74] While police and Facebook staff attempted to comply with the privacy regulations by deleting posts mentioning her name, they noted it was difficult to effectively police individual users who repeatedly republished the deleted information.[75]
Due to the open nature of Facebook, several countries have banned access to it including Syria and Iran.[76][77] The Syrian government cited the ban was on the premise that the website promoted attacks on authorities.[76][78] The government also feared Israeli infiltration of Syrian social networks on Facebook.[76] Facebook was also used by Syrian citizens to criticize the government, and public criticism of the Syrian government is punishable by imprisonment.[76] In Iran, the website was banned because of fears that opposition movements were being organized on the website.[77]
Beacon
Main article: Facebook Beacon
Facebook announced Facebook Beacon on November 7, 2007, a marketing initiative that allows websites to publish a user's activities to their Facebook profile as "Social Ads" and promote products.[79] When launching Beacon, Facebook stated "no personally identifiable information is shared with an advertiser in creating a Social Ad", and that "Facebook users will only see Social Ads to the extent their friends are sharing information with them."[80] After Facebook was criticized for collecting more user information for advertisers than was previously stated, Zuckerberg publicly apologized on December 5, 2007 for the way Facebook launched Beacon, saying, "The problem with our initial approach of making it an opt-out system instead of opt-in was that if someone forgot to decline to share something, Beacon still went ahead and shared it with their friends."[81][82]
Privacy
Several concerns have emerged regarding the use of Facebook as a means of surveillance and data mining.[83] Two MIT students were able to download over 70,000 Facebook profiles from four schools (MIT, New York University, the University of Oklahoma, and Harvard University) using an automated shell script, as part of a research project on Facebook privacy published on December 14, 2005.[84] The possibility of data mining remains open, as evidenced in May 2008, when the BBC technology program "Click" demonstrated that personal details of Facebook users and their friends could be stolen by submitting malicious applications.[85]
Privacy proponents have criticized the site's privacy agreement, which states: "We may use information about you that we collect from other sources, including but not limited to newspapers and Internet sources such as blogs, instant messaging services, Facebook Platform developers and other users of Facebook, to supplement your profile."[86] Another clause that received criticism concerned Facebook's right to sell a user's data to private companies, stating: "We may share your information with third parties, including responsible companies with which we have a relationship."[87] This concern was addressed by Facebook spokesman Chris Hughes who said, "Simply put, we have never provided our users' information to third party companies, nor do we intend to."[88]
Concerns have also been raised regarding the difficulty of deleting user accounts. Previously, Facebook only allowed users to "deactivate" their accounts so that their profile was no longer visible. However, any information the user had entered into the website and on their profile remained on the website's servers. This outraged many users who wished to remove their accounts permanently, citing reasons such as the inability to erase "embarrassing or overly-personal online profiles from their student days as they entered the job market, for fear employers would locate the profiles".[89] Facebook changed its account deletion policies on February 29, 2008, allowing users to contact the website to request that their accounts be permanently deleted.[90]
12. MY SPACE Muy parecido a FACEBOOK, pero permite decorar los perfiles con html y Cascading Style Sheets.
Fue desarrollada y promocionada por Fox Interactive Media.
Es actualmente la red social mas popular de Estados Unidos. ferences
7 External links
History
Mark Zuckerberg founded "The Facebook", originally located at thefacebook.com, in February 2004 while attending Harvard University as a sophomore.[1] The company dropped The from its name after purchasing the domain name facebook.com in 2005 for $200,000.[4] Membership was initially restricted to students of Harvard College, and within the first month, more than half the undergraduate population at Harvard were registered on the service.[5] Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes soon joined Zuckerberg to help promote the website. In March 2004, Facebook expanded to Stanford, Columbia, and Yale.[6] This expansion continued when it opened to all Ivy League schools and gradually most universities in Canada and the United States.[7] In June, Facebook moved its base of operations to Palo Alto, California.[6]
Facebook launched a high school version in September 2005; Zuckerberg called it the next logical step.[8] High school networks required an invitation to join.[9] Facebook later expanded membership eligibility to employees of several companies including Apple Inc. and Microsoft.[10] Facebook was then opened to everyone with a valid e-mail address, aside from people under the age of 13, on September 26, 2006.[11][12]
Funding
Facebook headquarters in Palo Alto, CaliforniaFacebook received its first investment of US$500,000 in June 2004 from PayPal co-founder Peter Thiel.[13] This was followed a year later by $12.7 million in venture capital from Accel Partners, and then $27.5 million more from Greylock Partners.[13][14] A cash flow statement was leaked, showing that during the 2005 fiscal year, Facebook had a net loss of $3.63 million.[15] Microsoft approached Facebook in September 2007, proposing an investment in return for a 5% stake in the company. Microsoft would pay an estimated $300–500 million for the share.[16] Microsoft announced on October 24, 2007 that it purchased a 1.6% share of Facebook for $246 million.[17] On November 30, 2007, Hong Kong billionaire Li Ka-shing invested $60 million in Facebook.[18]
BusinessWeek reported on March 28, 2006 that a potential acquisition of the website was under negotiation. Facebook reportedly declined an offer of $750 million from an unknown bidder, and it was rumored the asking price rose as high as $2 billion.[19] With the sale of social networking website MySpace to News Corp on July 19, 2005, rumors surfaced about the possible sale of Facebook to a larger media company.[20] Zuckerberg had already said he did not want to sell the company and denied rumors to the contrary.[21] In late September, serious talks between Facebook and Yahoo! took place concerning acquisition of the social network, with prices reaching as high as $1 billion.[22] Thiel, by then a board member of Facebook, indicated that Facebook's internal valuation was around $8 billion based on their projected revenues of $1 billion by 2015, comparable to Viacom's MTV brand, a company with a shared target demographic audience.[23] Other companies, including Google, expressed interest in September 2007 to buy a portion of Facebook.[24] Amid the rumors, Zuckerberg claimed that selling Facebook was unlikely because he wanted to keep it independent, stating on July 17, 2007, "We're not really looking to sell the company. [...] We're not looking to IPO anytime soon. It's just not the core focus of the company."[25]
Website
On the homepage for Facebook, a login form is shown on the left, and a registration form is shown on the right.Facebook users can choose to join one or more networks, organized by city, workplace, school, and region.[26] These networks help users connect with members of the same network. Users can also connect with friends, giving them access to their friends' profiles.[27]
The website is free to users, but generates revenue from advertising, including banner ads.[28] Users can create profiles including photos and lists of personal interests, exchange private or public messages, and join groups of friends.[29] The viewing of detailed profile data is restricted to users from the same network or confirmed friends.
Microsoft is Facebook's exclusive partner for serving banner advertising,[30] and as such Facebook only serves advertisements that exist in Microsoft's advertisement inventory. According to comScore, an internet marketing research company, Facebook collects as much data from its visitors as Google and Microsoft but considerably less than Yahoo! when compared with other web companies.[31]
Features
Main article: Facebook features
The media often compares Facebook to MySpace, but one significant difference between the two websites is the level of customization.[32] MySpace allows users to decorate their profiles using HTML and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), while Facebook only allows plain text.[33]
Facebook has a number of features for users to interact with. They include the Wall, a space on every user's profile page that allows friends to post messages for the user to see,[34] Pokes, which allows users to send a virtual "poke" to each other (a notification that tells a user that they have been poked),[35] Photos, where users can upload albums and photos,[36] and Status, which allows users to inform their friends of their whereabouts and actions.[37] A user's Wall is visible to anyone who is able to see that user's profile, which depends on their privacy settings. In July 2007, Facebook began allowing users to post attachments to the Wall, whereas the Wall was previously limited to textual content only.[34]
Over time, Facebook has added several new features to its website. On September 6, 2006, a News Feed was announced, which appears on every user's homepage and highlights information including profile changes, upcoming events, and birthdays related to the user's friends.[38] Initially, the News Feed caused dissatisfaction among Facebook users; some complained it was too cluttered and full of undesired information, while others were concerned it made it too easy for other people to track down individual activities (such as changes in relationship status, events, and conversations with other users).[39] In response to this dissatisfaction, Zuckerberg issued an apology for the site's failure to include appropriate customizable privacy features. Since then, users have been able to control what types of information are shared automatically with friends. Users are now able to prevent friends from seeing updates about different types of activities, including profile changes, Wall posts, and newly added friends.[40]
One of the most popular applications on Facebook is the Photos application, where users can upload albums and photos.[41] Facebook allows users to upload an unlimited number of photos, compared with other image hosting services such as Photobucket and Flickr, which apply limits to the number of photos that a user is allowed to upload. However, users are limited to 60 photos per album. Privacy settings can be set for individual albums, limiting the groups of users that can see an album. For example, the privacy of an album can be set so that only the user's friends can see the album, while the privacy of another album can be set so that all Facebook users can see it. Another feature of the Photos applications is the ability to "tag", or label users in a photo. For instance, if a photo contains a user's friend, then the user can tag the friend in the photo. This sends a notification to the friend that they have been tagged, and provides them a link to see the photo.[42]
Facebook Notes was introduced on August 22, 2006, a blogging feature that allowed tags and embeddable images. Users were later able to import blogs from Xanga, LiveJournal, Blogger, and other blogging services.[11] During the week of April 7, 2008, Facebook released a Comet-based[43] instant messaging application called "Chat" to several networks,[44] which allows users to communicate with friends and is similar in functionality to desktop-based instant messengers.
Facebook launched Gifts on February 8, 2007, which allows users to send virtual gifts to their friends that appear on the recipient's profile. Gifts cost $1.00 each to purchase, and a personalized message can be attached to each gift.[45][46] On May 14, 2007, Facebook launched Marketplace, which lets users post free classified ads.[47] Marketplace has been compared to Craigslist by CNET, which points out that the major difference between the two is that listings posted by a user on Marketplace are only seen by users that are in the same network as that user, whereas listings posted on Craigslist can be seen by anyone.[48]
On July 20, 2008, Facebook introduced a significant redesign of its user interface on selected networks. The Mini-Feed and and Wall were consolidated, profiles were separated into tabbed sections, and an effort was made to create a "cleaner" look. The company said the changes would become visible to all users in the "coming days."[49]
Platform
Facebook launched the Facebook Platform on May 24, 2007, providing a framework for software developers to create applications that interact with core Facebook features.[50][51] A markup language called Facebook markup language was introduced simultaneously; it is used to customize the "look and feel" of applications that developers create. Using the Platform, Facebook launched several new applications,[50][51] including Gifts, allowing users to send virtual gifts to each other, Marketplace, allowing users to post free classified ads, Events, giving users a method of informing their friends about upcoming events, and Video, letting users share homemade videos with one another.[52][53]
Applications that have been created on the Platform include chess and Scrabble, which both allow users to play games with their friends.[54][55] These games are asynchronous, meaning that a user's moves are saved on the website, allowing the next move to be made at any time rather than immediately after the previous move.[56] Within a few months of launching the Facebook Platform, issues arose regarding "application spam", which involves Facebook applications "spamming" users to request it be installed.[57] Application spam has been considered one of the possible causes to the drop in visitors to Facebook starting from the beginning of 2008,[citation needed] when its growth had fallen from December 2007 to January 2008, its first drop since its launch in 2004.[citation needed]
Reception and popularity
Facebook attracted 123.9 million unique visitors in May 2008, a figure higher than main competitor MySpace.[58] According to Alexa, the website's ranking among all websites increased from 60th to 7th in terms of traffic, from September 2006 to September 2007, and is currently 5th.[59] Quantcast ranks the website 16th in US in terms of traffic,[60] and Compete.com ranks it 20th in US.[61] The website is the most popular for uploading photos, with 14 million uploaded daily.[62] On November 3, 2007, there were seven thousand applications on Facebook, with another hundred created everyday.[63] It has since become the world's most popular social networking site, after overtaking MySpace[64].
Facebook is the most popular social networking site in several English-speaking countries, including Canada[65] and the United Kingdom.[66] However, in the United States, it has only 36 million users compared to MySpace's 73 million.[67] The website has won awards such as placement into the "Top 100 Classic Websites" by PC Magazine in 2007,[68] and winning the "People's Voice Award" from the Webby Awards in 2008.[69] In a 2006 study conducted by Student Monitor, a New Jersey-based company specializing in research concerning the college student market, Facebook was named the second most popular thing among undergraduates, tied with beer and only ranked lower than the iPod.[70]
Controversy
See also: Criticism of Facebook and Use of social network websites in investigations
Facebook has met with some controversy over the past few years. In October 2005, the University of New Mexico blocked access to Facebook from its campus computers and networks.[71] It cited a violation of the university's Acceptable Use Policy for abusing computer resources as the reason, stating the website forces use of the university's credentials for activity not related to the university. The school later unblocked Facebook after the website rectified the situation by displaying a notice on the login page stating the credentials used on the website are separate from the ones used for their school accounts.[72] The Ontario government also blocked access to Facebook for its employees in May 2007, stating the website was "not directly related to the workplace".[73]
A notable ancillary effect of social networking websites like Facebook is the ability for participants to mourn publicly for a deceased individual. On January 1, 2008, a memorial group on Facebook posted the identity of murdered Toronto teenager Stefanie Rengel, whose family had not yet given the Toronto Police Service their consent to release her name to the media.[74] While police and Facebook staff attempted to comply with the privacy regulations by deleting posts mentioning her name, they noted it was difficult to effectively police individual users who repeatedly republished the deleted information.[75]
Due to the open nature of Facebook, several countries have banned access to it including Syria and Iran.[76][77] The Syrian government cited the ban was on the premise that the website promoted attacks on authorities.[76][78] The government also feared Israeli infiltration of Syrian social networks on Facebook.[76] Facebook was also used by Syrian citizens to criticize the government, and public criticism of the Syrian government is punishable by imprisonment.[76] In Iran, the website was banned because of fears that opposition movements were being organized on the website.[77]
Beacon
Main article: Facebook Beacon
Facebook announced Facebook Beacon on November 7, 2007, a marketing initiative that allows websites to publish a user's activities to their Facebook profile as "Social Ads" and promote products.[79] When launching Beacon, Facebook stated "no personally identifiable information is shared with an advertiser in creating a Social Ad", and that "Facebook users will only see Social Ads to the extent their friends are sharing information with them."[80] After Facebook was criticized for collecting more user information for advertisers than was previously stated, Zuckerberg publicly apologized on December 5, 2007 for the way Facebook launched Beacon, saying, "The problem with our initial approach of making it an opt-out system instead of opt-in was that if someone forgot to decline to share something, Beacon still went ahead and shared it with their friends."[81][82]
Privacy
Several concerns have emerged regarding the use of Facebook as a means of surveillance and data mining.[83] Two MIT students were able to download over 70,000 Facebook profiles from four schools (MIT, New York University, the University of Oklahoma, and Harvard University) using an automated shell script, as part of a research project on Facebook privacy published on December 14, 2005.[84] The possibility of data mining remains open, as evidenced in May 2008, when the BBC technology program "Click" demonstrated that personal details of Facebook users and their friends could be stolen by submitting malicious applications.[85]
Privacy proponents have criticized the site's privacy agreement, which states: "We may use information about you that we collect from other sources, including but not limited to newspapers and Internet sources such as blogs, instant messaging services, Facebook Platform developers and other users of Facebook, to supplement your profile."[86] Another clause that received criticism concerned Facebook's right to sell a user's data to private companies, stating: "We may share your information with third parties, including responsible companies with which we have a relationship."[87] This concern was addressed by Facebook spokesman Chris Hughes who said, "Simply put, we have never provided our users' information to third party companies, nor do we intend to."[88]
Concerns have also been raised regarding the difficulty of deleting user accounts. Previously, Facebook only allowed users to "deactivate" their accounts so that their profile was no longer visible. However, any information the user had entered into the website and on their profile remained on the website's servers. This outraged many users who wished to remove their accounts permanently, citing reasons such as the inability to erase "embarrassing or overly-personal online profiles from their student days as they entered the job market, for fear employers would locate the profiles".[89] Facebook changed its account deletion policies on February 29, 2008, allowing users to contact the website to request that their accounts be permanently deleted.[90]
ferences
7 External links
History
Mark Zuckerberg founded "The Facebook", originally located at thefacebook.com, in February 2004 while attending Harvard University as a sophomore.[1] The company dropped The from its name after purchasing the domain name facebook.com in 2005 for $200,000.[4] Membership was initially restricted to students of Harvard College, and within the first month, more than half the undergraduate population at Harvard were registered on the service.[5] Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes soon joined Zuckerberg to help promote the website. In March 2004, Facebook expanded to Stanford, Columbia, and Yale.[6] This expansion continued when it opened to all Ivy League schools and gradually most universities in Canada and the United States.[7] In June, Facebook moved its base of operations to Palo Alto, California.[6]
Facebook launched a high school version in September 2005; Zuckerberg called it the next logical step.[8] High school networks required an invitation to join.[9] Facebook later expanded membership eligibility to employees of several companies including Apple Inc. and Microsoft.[10] Facebook was then opened to everyone with a valid e-mail address, aside from people under the age of 13, on September 26, 2006.[11][12]
Funding
Facebook headquarters in Palo Alto, CaliforniaFacebook received its first investment of US$500,000 in June 2004 from PayPal co-founder Peter Thiel.[13] This was followed a year later by $12.7 million in venture capital from Accel Partners, and then $27.5 million more from Greylock Partners.[13][14] A cash flow statement was leaked, showing that during the 2005 fiscal year, Facebook had a net loss of $3.63 million.[15] Microsoft approached Facebook in September 2007, proposing an investment in return for a 5% stake in the company. Microsoft would pay an estimated $300–500 million for the share.[16] Microsoft announced on October 24, 2007 that it purchased a 1.6% share of Facebook for $246 million.[17] On November 30, 2007, Hong Kong billionaire Li Ka-shing invested $60 million in Facebook.[18]
BusinessWeek reported on March 28, 2006 that a potential acquisition of the website was under negotiation. Facebook reportedly declined an offer of $750 million from an unknown bidder, and it was rumored the asking price rose as high as $2 billion.[19] With the sale of social networking website MySpace to News Corp on July 19, 2005, rumors surfaced about the possible sale of Facebook to a larger media company.[20] Zuckerberg had already said he did not want to sell the company and denied rumors to the contrary.[21] In late September, serious talks between Facebook and Yahoo! took place concerning acquisition of the social network, with prices reaching as high as $1 billion.[22] Thiel, by then a board member of Facebook, indicated that Facebook's internal valuation was around $8 billion based on their projected revenues of $1 billion by 2015, comparable to Viacom's MTV brand, a company with a shared target demographic audience.[23] Other companies, including Google, expressed interest in September 2007 to buy a portion of Facebook.[24] Amid the rumors, Zuckerberg claimed that selling Facebook was unlikely because he wanted to keep it independent, stating on July 17, 2007, "We're not really looking to sell the company. [...] We're not looking to IPO anytime soon. It's just not the core focus of the company."[25]
Website
On the homepage for Facebook, a login form is shown on the left, and a registration form is shown on the right.Facebook users can choose to join one or more networks, organized by city, workplace, school, and region.[26] These networks help users connect with members of the same network. Users can also connect with friends, giving them access to their friends' profiles.[27]
The website is free to users, but generates revenue from advertising, including banner ads.[28] Users can create profiles including photos and lists of personal interests, exchange private or public messages, and join groups of friends.[29] The viewing of detailed profile data is restricted to users from the same network or confirmed friends.
Microsoft is Facebook's exclusive partner for serving banner advertising,[30] and as such Facebook only serves advertisements that exist in Microsoft's advertisement inventory. According to comScore, an internet marketing research company, Facebook collects as much data from its visitors as Google and Microsoft but considerably less than Yahoo! when compared with other web companies.[31]
Features
Main article: Facebook features
The media often compares Facebook to MySpace, but one significant difference between the two websites is the level of customization.[32] MySpace allows users to decorate their profiles using HTML and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), while Facebook only allows plain text.[33]
Facebook has a number of features for users to interact with. They include the Wall, a space on every user's profile page that allows friends to post messages for the user to see,[34] Pokes, which allows users to send a virtual "poke" to each other (a notification that tells a user that they have been poked),[35] Photos, where users can upload albums and photos,[36] and Status, which allows users to inform their friends of their whereabouts and actions.[37] A user's Wall is visible to anyone who is able to see that user's profile, which depends on their privacy settings. In July 2007, Facebook began allowing users to post attachments to the Wall, whereas the Wall was previously limited to textual content only.[34]
Over time, Facebook has added several new features to its website. On September 6, 2006, a News Feed was announced, which appears on every user's homepage and highlights information including profile changes, upcoming events, and birthdays related to the user's friends.[38] Initially, the News Feed caused dissatisfaction among Facebook users; some complained it was too cluttered and full of undesired information, while others were concerned it made it too easy for other people to track down individual activities (such as changes in relationship status, events, and conversations with other users).[39] In response to this dissatisfaction, Zuckerberg issued an apology for the site's failure to include appropriate customizable privacy features. Since then, users have been able to control what types of information are shared automatically with friends. Users are now able to prevent friends from seeing updates about different types of activities, including profile changes, Wall posts, and newly added friends.[40]
One of the most popular applications on Facebook is the Photos application, where users can upload albums and photos.[41] Facebook allows users to upload an unlimited number of photos, compared with other image hosting services such as Photobucket and Flickr, which apply limits to the number of photos that a user is allowed to upload. However, users are limited to 60 photos per album. Privacy settings can be set for individual albums, limiting the groups of users that can see an album. For example, the privacy of an album can be set so that only the user's friends can see the album, while the privacy of another album can be set so that all Facebook users can see it. Another feature of the Photos applications is the ability to "tag", or label users in a photo. For instance, if a photo contains a user's friend, then the user can tag the friend in the photo. This sends a notification to the friend that they have been tagged, and provides them a link to see the photo.[42]
Facebook Notes was introduced on August 22, 2006, a blogging feature that allowed tags and embeddable images. Users were later able to import blogs from Xanga, LiveJournal, Blogger, and other blogging services.[11] During the week of April 7, 2008, Facebook released a Comet-based[43] instant messaging application called "Chat" to several networks,[44] which allows users to communicate with friends and is similar in functionality to desktop-based instant messengers.
Facebook launched Gifts on February 8, 2007, which allows users to send virtual gifts to their friends that appear on the recipient's profile. Gifts cost $1.00 each to purchase, and a personalized message can be attached to each gift.[45][46] On May 14, 2007, Facebook launched Marketplace, which lets users post free classified ads.[47] Marketplace has been compared to Craigslist by CNET, which points out that the major difference between the two is that listings posted by a user on Marketplace are only seen by users that are in the same network as that user, whereas listings posted on Craigslist can be seen by anyone.[48]
On July 20, 2008, Facebook introduced a significant redesign of its user interface on selected networks. The Mini-Feed and and Wall were consolidated, profiles were separated into tabbed sections, and an effort was made to create a "cleaner" look. The company said the changes would become visible to all users in the "coming days."[49]
Platform
Facebook launched the Facebook Platform on May 24, 2007, providing a framework for software developers to create applications that interact with core Facebook features.[50][51] A markup language called Facebook markup language was introduced simultaneously; it is used to customize the "look and feel" of applications that developers create. Using the Platform, Facebook launched several new applications,[50][51] including Gifts, allowing users to send virtual gifts to each other, Marketplace, allowing users to post free classified ads, Events, giving users a method of informing their friends about upcoming events, and Video, letting users share homemade videos with one another.[52][53]
Applications that have been created on the Platform include chess and Scrabble, which both allow users to play games with their friends.[54][55] These games are asynchronous, meaning that a user's moves are saved on the website, allowing the next move to be made at any time rather than immediately after the previous move.[56] Within a few months of launching the Facebook Platform, issues arose regarding "application spam", which involves Facebook applications "spamming" users to request it be installed.[57] Application spam has been considered one of the possible causes to the drop in visitors to Facebook starting from the beginning of 2008,[citation needed] when its growth had fallen from December 2007 to January 2008, its first drop since its launch in 2004.[citation needed]
Reception and popularity
Facebook attracted 123.9 million unique visitors in May 2008, a figure higher than main competitor MySpace.[58] According to Alexa, the website's ranking among all websites increased from 60th to 7th in terms of traffic, from September 2006 to September 2007, and is currently 5th.[59] Quantcast ranks the website 16th in US in terms of traffic,[60] and Compete.com ranks it 20th in US.[61] The website is the most popular for uploading photos, with 14 million uploaded daily.[62] On November 3, 2007, there were seven thousand applications on Facebook, with another hundred created everyday.[63] It has since become the world's most popular social networking site, after overtaking MySpace[64].
Facebook is the most popular social networking site in several English-speaking countries, including Canada[65] and the United Kingdom.[66] However, in the United States, it has only 36 million users compared to MySpace's 73 million.[67] The website has won awards such as placement into the "Top 100 Classic Websites" by PC Magazine in 2007,[68] and winning the "People's Voice Award" from the Webby Awards in 2008.[69] In a 2006 study conducted by Student Monitor, a New Jersey-based company specializing in research concerning the college student market, Facebook was named the second most popular thing among undergraduates, tied with beer and only ranked lower than the iPod.[70]
Controversy
See also: Criticism of Facebook and Use of social network websites in investigations
Facebook has met with some controversy over the past few years. In October 2005, the University of New Mexico blocked access to Facebook from its campus computers and networks.[71] It cited a violation of the university's Acceptable Use Policy for abusing computer resources as the reason, stating the website forces use of the university's credentials for activity not related to the university. The school later unblocked Facebook after the website rectified the situation by displaying a notice on the login page stating the credentials used on the website are separate from the ones used for their school accounts.[72] The Ontario government also blocked access to Facebook for its employees in May 2007, stating the website was "not directly related to the workplace".[73]
A notable ancillary effect of social networking websites like Facebook is the ability for participants to mourn publicly for a deceased individual. On January 1, 2008, a memorial group on Facebook posted the identity of murdered Toronto teenager Stefanie Rengel, whose family had not yet given the Toronto Police Service their consent to release her name to the media.[74] While police and Facebook staff attempted to comply with the privacy regulations by deleting posts mentioning her name, they noted it was difficult to effectively police individual users who repeatedly republished the deleted information.[75]
Due to the open nature of Facebook, several countries have banned access to it including Syria and Iran.[76][77] The Syrian government cited the ban was on the premise that the website promoted attacks on authorities.[76][78] The government also feared Israeli infiltration of Syrian social networks on Facebook.[76] Facebook was also used by Syrian citizens to criticize the government, and public criticism of the Syrian government is punishable by imprisonment.[76] In Iran, the website was banned because of fears that opposition movements were being organized on the website.[77]
Beacon
Main article: Facebook Beacon
Facebook announced Facebook Beacon on November 7, 2007, a marketing initiative that allows websites to publish a user's activities to their Facebook profile as "Social Ads" and promote products.[79] When launching Beacon, Facebook stated "no personally identifiable information is shared with an advertiser in creating a Social Ad", and that "Facebook users will only see Social Ads to the extent their friends are sharing information with them."[80] After Facebook was criticized for collecting more user information for advertisers than was previously stated, Zuckerberg publicly apologized on December 5, 2007 for the way Facebook launched Beacon, saying, "The problem with our initial approach of making it an opt-out system instead of opt-in was that if someone forgot to decline to share something, Beacon still went ahead and shared it with their friends."[81][82]
Privacy
Several concerns have emerged regarding the use of Facebook as a means of surveillance and data mining.[83] Two MIT students were able to download over 70,000 Facebook profiles from four schools (MIT, New York University, the University of Oklahoma, and Harvard University) using an automated shell script, as part of a research project on Facebook privacy published on December 14, 2005.[84] The possibility of data mining remains open, as evidenced in May 2008, when the BBC technology program "Click" demonstrated that personal details of Facebook users and their friends could be stolen by submitting malicious applications.[85]
Privacy proponents have criticized the site's privacy agreement, which states: "We may use information about you that we collect from other sources, including but not limited to newspapers and Internet sources such as blogs, instant messaging services, Facebook Platform developers and other users of Facebook, to supplement your profile."[86] Another clause that received criticism concerned Facebook's right to sell a user's data to private companies, stating: "We may share your information with third parties, including responsible companies with which we have a relationship."[87] This concern was addressed by Facebook spokesman Chris Hughes who said, "Simply put, we have never provided our users' information to third party companies, nor do we intend to."[88]
Concerns have also been raised regarding the difficulty of deleting user accounts. Previously, Facebook only allowed users to "deactivate" their accounts so that their profile was no longer visible. However, any information the user had entered into the website and on their profile remained on the website's servers. This outraged many users who wished to remove their accounts permanently, citing reasons such as the inability to erase "embarrassing or overly-personal online profiles from their student days as they entered the job market, for fear employers would locate the profiles".[89] Facebook changed its account deletion policies on February 29, 2008, allowing users to contact the website to request that their accounts be permanently deleted.[90]
13. WIKIPEDIA Es una enciclopedia libre y políglota basada en la colaboración de sus contribuyentes por medio de la tecnología wiki.
Gracias a esta tecnología, cualquier persona con acceso a internet puede modificar la gran mayoría de los artículos a través de un navegador web.
El proyecto comenzó el 15 de enero de 2001, fundado por Jimbo Wales, con la ayuda de Larry Sanger, como complemento de Nupedia, una enciclopedia escrita por expertos.
En la actualidad depende de la Fundación Wikimedia, una organización sin ánimo de lucro.
Actualmente Wikipedia presenta ediciones en más de 253 idiomas.
Diecisiete ediciones superan los 100.000 artículos: inglés, alemán, francés, japonés, polaco, italiano, sueco, holandés, portugués, español, chino, ruso, finés, noruego, volapük, rumano y catalán
14. YOU TUBE YouTube fue fundada por Chad Hurley, Steve Chen y Jawed Karim, todos ex-empleados de PayPal.
"YouTube.com" empezó en Febrero 15, 2005.
Inversionistas:
Se inició en un garaje
En noviembre 2005, Sequoia Capital invirtió $3.5 millones
April 2006, Sequoia puso $8 millones más
Octubre 2006, Google compró la compañía por $1.65 billones
15. Según una encuesta hecha en Julio del 2006, 100 millones de video clips son vistos diariamente en YouTube.
65,000 nuevos videos son ingresados cada 24 horas.
El website tiene en promedio 20 millones de visitantes por mes según Nielsen/NetRatings.
De sus visitantes:
44% son mujeres y 56% son hombres
El grupo dominante de visitantes tiene entre 12 a 17 años
Según el website Hitwise.com, YouTube tiene el 64% del mercado en línea de videos del Reino Unido. YOU TUBE
16. Antes de ser comprado por Google, YouTube dijo que su modelo de negocio era la publicidad en la página y que generaba $15 millones por mes.
Muchos especulan que solamente los costos operativos de YouTube, específicamente el bandwidth, son de $5 a $6 millones por mes.
Muchos creen que YouTube no es un producto con un modelo rentable…o que el modelo de negocio para el producto no se ha desarrollado todavía. YOU TUBE
17. My Second Life Es un video juego virtual lanzado el 23 de junio 2003.
Fue desarrollado por Linden Research, Inc.
Cómo funciona:
Se baja un software que le permite convertirse en "Resident", e interactuar con otros a traves de “motional avatars”, proveyendo un nivel avanzado de red social combinando con aspectos de “metaverse”.
Los “Residents” pueden explorar el mundo, conocer a otros, socializar, participar en actividades individuales o grupales, crear o comercializar objetos y darse servicios unos a otros.
18. My Second Life La economía de Second Life:
La economía está basada en “Linden Dollars (L$)".
Productos y servicios:
Real Estate
Empleo
Productos en el mundo virtual (carros, ropa, etc.)
Bancos
Arte
Contenido
Etc.
19. GUIA2CR Actualizar fotos
Actualizar videos WEB y WAP
Invitar a amigos a eventos
Actualizar eventos
Foro
Chat
Evaluar restaurantes
Comentarios sobre actividades
20. Mercadeo Interactivo Cómo hacer plata en la WEB Hotmail comenzó con una estrategia de mercadeo viral excelente y creció a un ritmo exponencial.
Hotmail fue comprada por Microsoft más de 400 millones de dólares (en efectivo).
Lo último que quieres hacer cuándo estás escribiendo un mail es ver o hacer click en publicidad.
Hotmail entreno a sus usuarios a no ver publicidad y menos salirse de Hotmail para ver otro site.
Este error de Hotmail fue no acostumbrar a sus usuarios desde el inicio a aceptar el concepto de publicidad en su mail.
Con una estrategia de “Permission Marketing” donde por ejemplo el usuario pudiera escoger el tipo de cuenta de Hotmail según la cantidad de publicidad que estaría dispuesto a ver o aceptaría recibir un boletín electrónico semanal de Hotmail según su perfil que tuviera anuncios de interés y publicidad.
En estos casos la publicidad sería parte de un Bono y no de un penalty.
21. Mercadeo Interactivo Cómo hacer plata en la WEB Algo similar esta por pasarle a Facebook donde nunca acostumbro a sus usuarios a ver publicidad y los mismo nunca decidieron participar en un site con publicidad.
La gente entra en Facebook para ver gente, no para ver publicidad.
La publicidad puede estar asociada a cosas o aplicaciones, pero no a las personas.
Nos queda esperar ver si este monstruo logra romper esta barrera auto impuesta de un site lleno de funcionalidad y cero publicidad.
22. Ejemplo costos de publicidad Hi5
50 millones de usuarios.
18 millones de usuarios únicos al mes.
Costo por clicks y por tamaño de banners.
23. Cuáles son las oportunidades del Web 2.0 en la promoción y publicidad?
24. El BUZZ… Ante este escenario, si antes bastaba con colgar imágenes y descripciones de los productos en la web, hoy en día, la participación y el buzz (el fenómeno del boca-oreja pasado al medio online), ponen al marketing ante nuevos retos.
25. Mercadeo 1:1 Antes la comunicación se producía en un modelo one-to-many.
26. Nueva Era del Marketing El marketing debe aprovechar todas estas posibilidades.
27. El Consumidor… Según un estudio global de Nielsen, el 78% de los consumidores confían en el boca-oreja más que en cualquier otra forma de publicidad.
Además, el 61% de los encuestados declara confiar en las valoraciones de productos y servicios realizadas por otros consumidores en blogs y otros sitios de la red.
Por otra parte, un estudio global de Weber Shandwick señala la importancia que está cobrando la actitud de los consumidores ante productos y marcas, ahora que se han multiplicado los canales por los que pueden expresarse.
28. Mercadeo Interactivo La interactividad de los anuncios
29. Sitios Web más Atractivos… Algunas empresas ya hace tiempo que aprovechan la actividad de sus clientes para ‘enriquecer’ su sitio web y hacerlo más atractivo.
Es una de las principales bases del portal de e-commerce Amazon, que desde hace años incluye las valoraciones de otros consumidores en la ficha de los productos que oferta, además de listas de recomendaciones elaboradas a partir de los productos que compraron otros consumidores que se decidieron por el mismo producto.
30. El cliente es el que recomienda… Cuando el cliente es el que recomienda, el producto y la marca cobran credibilidad.
Un estudio realizado en Estados Unidos por Bazaarvoice, compañía de desarrollo de soluciones de comercio online, afirma que el 80% de los consumidores que compran online creen más en las marcas cuando estas ofrecen evaluaciones y comentarios de otros consumidores.
Y para tres de cada cuatro encuestados, resulta muy valioso el poder leer la opinión de otras personas que han probado el producto.
Desde el año 2006, el uso de estas reviews o reseñas ha aumentado al doble.
31. Conocer a mi cliente… Estas valoraciones de usuarios permiten a las marcas conocer más a los consumidores y ofrecerle mejores servicios y productos.
32. Las Consecuencias… Tapscott y Williams dicen que esta nueva generación de productos han creado una nueva economía de la Internet que llaman Wikinomics basada en la apertura, el compartir, el actuar globalmente.
Las compañías usarán estos principios para diseñar y crear productos con su cliente o hechos por su cliente.
Tapscott y Williams dicen que el resultado es una economía democrática.
Otros dicen que el resultado no tiene nada que ver con democracia, sino que todos estos sistemas han creado una forma mas honda de explotación dónde los costos se reducen drásticamente.
33. Muchas gracias!!!
