Parallel Structure

1. Describe the pictures. What is common among them? 2 1 3 1. Parallel lines on the road 2. Parallel rails of a train 3. Line AB is parallel to Line DC/ Line AD is parallel to Line BC

2. or Parallelism

3. Parallelism • The balance between two or more similar words, phrases or clauses • is the repetition of the same grammatical form in two or more parts of a sentence. • Parallel construction prevents awkwardness, promotes clarity and improves writing style and readability.

5. Rules of Parallelism

6. Parallel construction is most commonly used in sentences containing elements that appear in a series or in a pair. It is also applied to headings and outlines in academic writing.

7. Parallel words • On the word level, a noun should be grouped with other nouns, an adjective with other adjectives, and so on.

8. When a series is composed of verbs, do not mix forms. For example, mixing an infinitive (a verb beginning with to) with a gerund (a verb form ending in -ing) breaks parallel structure.

9. PHRASE • is a group of word without both subject and predicate.

10. Parallel Phrases • Parallel structure should be used to balance a series of phrases with the same grammatical structure. For example, avoid mixing noun phrases with verb phrases.

11. - • As with a series of verbs, a series of verb phrases should use parallel forms. Do not mix phrases based on an infinitive with phrases based on -ing verbs.

12. Lists after a colon • A list that follows a colon should always have parallel elements.

13. Parallel construction in pairs • Use parallel construction when a sentence contains a pair of connected ideas. • Pairs can be connected by coordinating conjunctions, which include and, nor, but, or and yet.

14. Use parallel structure when a pair of ideas are linked by a correlative conjunction, such as not only…but also, either…or, and neither…nor.

15. The same rule applies to pairs connected by a word of comparison, such as over, than or as.

16. Outlines and headings • Headings that divide a paper into sections should be parallel. Likewise, parallel structure should be applied to elements in paper outlines.

38. QUIZ

39. DIRECTION: Decide whether the sentence has parallel structure or not.

40. 1.She decided to leave her job and travelling the world. • PARALLEL • NOT PARRALLEL

41. 2.He started the engine, released the hand break, and checked the mirror. • PARALLEL • NOT PARRALLEL

42. 3. Some people think that being successful is the same thing as to have money. • PARALLEL • NOT PARRALLEL

43. 4. Did you decide not to come because you are tired or are you feeling sick? • PARALLEL • NOT PARRALLEL

44. 5. She was disappointed by not only his clothes but also his mannerisms. • PARALLEL • NOT PARRALLEL

45. 6. She wants neither the red one nor the yellow one. • PARALLEL • NOT PARRALLEL

46. 7. When I wake up I like either walking the dog or to go for a jog. • PARALLEL • NOT PARRALLEL

47. 8. I would describe her as intelligent, caring, and thoughtful. • PARALLEL • NOT PARRALLEL

48. 9. He suggested that we go for a meal then we should see a film. • PARALLEL • NOT PARRALLEL

49. 10.Spain is a place where you can eat cheap food and soak up the sun. • PARALLEL • NOT PARRALLEL

50. 11. Which of the following paired sentences are parallel? Write the letter of the correct answer. • She likes to listen to music and reading the latest novels. • She likes listening to music and reading the latest novels.