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Kwashiorkor

Kwashiorkor. Kwashiorkor, A Forgotten Disease Name: John Ojih (MPH) Program Walden University Environmental Health PUBH -6165-5 Dr. Donald Goodwin Audience: Potential Donor Agencies. Objectives. The purpose of this presentation is to address the prevalence of Kwashiorkor.

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Kwashiorkor

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  1. Kwashiorkor • Kwashiorkor, A Forgotten Disease • Name: John Ojih (MPH) Program • Walden University • Environmental Health • PUBH -6165-5 • Dr. Donald Goodwin • Audience: Potential Donor Agencies

  2. Objectives • The purpose of this presentation is to address the prevalence of Kwashiorkor. • Kwashiorkor has claimed many innocent lives across the globe • The goal is to bring this devastating and debilitating disease to your attention and to the rest of the world. • Addressing Kwashiorkor has become a matter of urgency that requires international bodies, organizations; health care professionals, wealthy nations, and the affluent people in our society to step up to the tasks.

  3. Outlines • Definition • The prevalence • Observation • Create awareness • Impacts on the victims • Statistics • Prevention • Treatments • Conclusion

  4. Definition • Kwashiorkor (kwash-e-OR-kor) is a common and severe form of protein deficiency in children, this condition is also known protein energy malnutrition(PEM) . (Answer.com, 2010); (WHO. 2010). Global Database Growth and Malnutrition Retrieved August 3, 2010 from • http://www.answers.com/topic/kwashiorkor • World Health Organization (1996). WHO Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition. Available from <http://www.who.int/nutgrowthdb

  5. Prevalence • Kwashiorkor is a global environmental problem affecting third world countries, particularly, Africa, South East Asia, Latin America, and most the third world countries where nutrition are not readily available. • While the western world seeks to reduce and control obesity, developing countries seek ways to have balanced nutritional, rich protein diets. These nations barely understand what is called “balanced diets” as their diets are starchy diets, like cassava, yams and plantains.

  6. Observation • Kwashiorkor has been known to the World Health of Organization (WHO), Food Agricultural Organization(FAO) and the United Nation(UN) for decades with seldom discussion • Kwashiorkor is not just African problem rather, a global issue, 15% in Sub-Saharan Africa, and 80% of children with the disease lives outside of African continent. • WHO estimated that one-third of all children are affected with Kwashiorkor or Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM). • Twenty percent of these children live in Africa (Douglass, Douglass, Antwi, Apt, 2007) • From African Journal of Food Agriculture Nutrition and Development; (Vol 7 No. 1 2007)

  7. Defined Signs of Kwashiorkor • Let me introduce you to the victims of kwashiorkor disease. • The pictures you are about to see have some graphic nature and nudity. But it is equally important to this audience,. • The goal is to bring awareness of this forgotten disease that is rarely discussed in public health communities. • These children are suffering from malnutrition and the evidence is obvious. • BE WARNED!!!!!

  8. The Innocent Victims • Kwashiorkor victims, this is what happen when children are not properly fed. • Wedimedia.org.(2006). Photo. Retrieve August 3, 2010. From http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Kwashiorkor_6903.jpg,

  9. Innocent Victim slide continues Slide # 9; Conrad, J. L., (2006). Wikimedia – Kwashiorkor. Retrieved August 3, 2010 from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Image:Kwashiorkor_6903.jpg&redirect=no&oldid=156429179;. “inadequate dietary protein intake, also show signs of thinning hair. “If started in time, improving calorie and protein intake will correct kwashiorkor,” (Conrad, 2006). http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Kwashiorkor_6903.jpg • What we have just witnessed are children suffering from malnutrition, the food they eat are essentially starchy without nutrients or vital vitamins

  10. Zambia, African • A child with full blown Kwashiorkor. Full blown kwashiorkor suffering children usually have excessive protrusion of stomach and chicks. So what you are seeing here is not an over fed or a fat children. (Zambia, 2008). • Zambia, (2008). Photo. Retrieved August 3, 2010, Photo. from • http://lianneandjessinzambia.blogspot.com/2008_10_01_archive.html

  11. Island of Haiti • Real Hope Rescue Centre. Again, this is another sign of a defined kwashiorkor disease from Haiti. He’s 6yrs. Haiti Rescue, (2009). Photo Retrieve August 3, 2010, from • http://haitirescuecenter.wordpress.com/2009/12/18/4790/

  12. West Coast of Africa • West Coast of African nation. Again, every pictures tells stories, these are children with the disease, see note section of the slide below. Human Disease, (1997). Retrieved August 3, 2010 from • http://www.humanillnesses.com/original/Kid-Men/Kwashiorkor.html#ixzz0udYTmhR6

  13. Health Impacts • What is responsible for these serious health issues with these children? Poverty and diseases which ultimately leads to malnutrition. • Other related causes besides starchy food, is whole-blood LTE4 Synthesis increased by3.5 folds in kwashiorkor victims • Severe mental and neurological development (mental retardation and • Significant skin discolorations, hair alterations and oedema, liver disease and altered physical characteristics..thin arms and legs, visible vertebrates and less protective skin layers • Others may experience excess fatty body tissues • Gastro-intestinal disorders Krawinkel, (2003). A nutritional Disease of children associated with a maize diets. Retrieved August 5, 2010, from See reference list .

  14. Health impacts continues • Severe cases of anemia • Organ failure • Excess protrusion of stomach (abnormal belly) • At adulthood, they may develop Goiter and permanent disability. • Severe clinical hypo/hyperpigmentaion and desquamation of skins

  15. Healthy Children • What healthy Children should somewhat look like. Tanzania, African. • The Government of Tanzania are diligently working to improve and possibly eradicate kwashiorkor problems. Their efforts has been acknowledged by USAID official. USAID, (2004). Saving Children with simple tools. Retrieved August 5, 2010. Photo. from • http://www.usaid.gov/stories/tanzania/ss_tz_childhealth.html

  16. Healthy Nourished children from the Western World • Nourished and health children from the western world. • This is the goal of my campaign, ladies and gentlemen. Healthy Child Campaign, (2010). Photo. Retrieved August 5, 2010, from • http://www.ucc.org/justice/health/healthy-child-campaign.html

  17. Healthy Diets • These are essential and good sources of protein. Buzzle.com (2009). Nutrition Guide for Children: Healthy Eating for Children. Photo. Retrieved August 5, 2010, from • http://www.buzzle.com/articles/nutrition-guide-for-children-healthy-eating-for-children.html • These are what the children need to maintain healthy life

  18. Kwashiorkor is a disease of malnutrition and is global, more than one third of child deaths worldwide are attributed to undernutrition; 178 million people lack basic food ,vitamin and nutrients; 1.5milllions children die yearly due to wasting and food scarcity; and 2 billion people lack iodine and vitamins in their diets worldwide, all associated to poverty, (WHO, 2008). 10 Facts on Nutrition. Retrieved August 5, 2010 from http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/nutrition/facts/en/index5.html Mortality Statistics

  19. Prevention • In 1935, Cicely Williams call Kwashiorkor a problem that shouldn’t be, that time the mortality rate was 90%, (Douglass et al, 2007). That was 77 years ago. Yes, there have been some improvement, but very seldom. • Key point here is RECOGNITION, that kwashiorkor is still a prevalence disease that needs global attention • Prone age usually from two years, particularly in African when breast milk is replaced with other food without adequate nutrients • Provisions for food rich in proteins is essential. • WHO recommend breastfeeding up to at least 2years, doing so, 20 % of deaths among children under-five could be avoided (WHO, 2008).

  20. Prevention continues This is a public health challenge to the world, to vigorously campaign for agricultural food productions . The World Health Organization could create donor meetings and address the need to support nations in need with means and infrastructures. Commit each nation’s functional government to promote local farmers. United Nation should use its power to persuade international bodies with surplus to donate to the needy United Nation for Children Funds (UNICEF), represent mother and child welfares to promote education and nutritional programs. Local health providers should actively involve in discouraging parents from having too many children Distribution of wealth, like the American philanthropists are in the process of doing. Bill Gate Foundation in Africa, Former President, Bill Clinton’s foundation in Haiti and Africa are positive step to prevent this endemic.

  21. Treatments, Fruits Clinical treatments have little role to play. What they need is adequate nutritious diets to help them grow. The most critical need is money, and food donation in large quantities from government sponsored agricultural farms from rich nations. I could list all kinds of nutritional diets and facts, but if there are no resources, in this case, they are none, it’s practically impossible for them to afford. Implementation of local agricultural programs, and teach them what to grow besides the regulars of yam, maize and cassava. Encouragements, education, and support either financially or otherwise. Nonetheless, Vitamin A are found in yellow fruits and vegetables, such as pineapple, banana, pawpaw, pumpkin ripe mango and dark leafy vegetables Vitamin B are found dark green leaves, milk, eggs, fish and meat, water used in cooking vegetables and livestock

  22. What is next? It’s easy for me to suggests preventions and treatments from the comfort of my home, the reality is, it does not address those suffering from this disease now. That’s why it’s important to let the world know, that kwashiorkor is still a killer disease that need global attentions. Poverty and ill-educated are the central cores for malnutrition; lack of agricultural infrastructures are underlying causes for the farmers in the third world nations, and perhaps, the most significant of all is corruptions, corruptions, and corruptions from most of the regions aforementioned. WHO released international child growth and the nutritional status in 2006 to serves as benchmark, encouraging the Members States to adhere to. UN policies should thus, follow suits.

  23. Conclusion • Ladies and gentlemen, Kwashiorkor has contributed to children mortality globally, it’s a serious nutritional problems with devastating life long health consequences. • World Health Organization (WHO), United Nation (UN), The United Nation for Children Fund (UNICEF), World Food Organization (WFO), wealthy nations , physicians , public health personnel, community nurses, primary care givers and the Philanthropists have stakes to challenge malnutrition's problems; Preventions and interventions, provision of agricultural products, financial, Agricultural infrastructures, to help these nations. • The nations in crisis need the help of these international bodies to eliminate these problem so that these children life could be saved.

  24. Questions • Ladies and gentlemen, this conclude my presentation on Kwashiorkor disease. • I’m ready for your questions • Thank and have a nice day

  25. References • Answer.com, 2010. Kwashiorkor. Retreived August 3, 2010 from http://www.answers.com/topic/kwashiorkor • World Health Organization (1996). WHO Global Database on Child Growth and Malnutrition. Available from <http://www.who.int/nutgrowthdb • Douglass, R.L , Douglass, B.F., Antwi, P, Apt, N.A , (2007), • African Journal of Food Agriculture Nutrition and Development, (Vol 7 No. 1), p. 1-16. Retrieved August 3, 2010, from (http://www.buzzle.com/articles/nutrition-guide-for-children-healthy-eating-for-children.html Conrad, J. L. 2006), - Folder 2, Slide 037 CD_105_DH/ 007 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Kwashiorkor_6903.jpg

  26. Reference • Zambia,(2008). A date to Celebrate Children. (Zambia Photo (2008) Retrieved August 3, 2010. from http://lianneandjessinzambia.blogspot.com/2008_10_01_archive.html • Rescue Center. (2009), Real Hope for Haiti, (Photo 2009). Retrieved August 3, 2010. From http://haitirescuecenter.wordpress.com/2009/12/18/4790 • West Coast of Africa, (1997), Human Disease. Retrieved August 3, 2010 from • http://www.humanillnesses.com/original/Kid-Men/Kwashiorkor.html#ixzz0udYTmhR6 • Krawinkel, M. (2003). A nutritional Disease of children associated with a maize diets. Retrieved August 5, 2010, from • http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0042-96862003001200010&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en

  27. References • USAID, (2004). Saving Children with simple tools. Retrieved August 5, 2010. Photo. from • http://www.usaid.gov/stories/tanzania/ss_tz_childhealth.html • Healthy Child Campaign, (2010). Photo. Retrieved August 5, 2010, from • http://www.ucc.org/justice/health/healthy-child-campaign.htm • Buzzle.com ,(2009). Nutrition Guide for Children: Healthy Eating for Children. Photo. Retrieved August 5, 2010, from • http://www.buzzle.com/articles/nutrition-guide-for-children-healthy-eating-for-children.html • (WHO, 2008). 10 Facts on Nutrition. Retrieved August 5, 2010 from • http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/nutrition/facts/en/index5.html

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