1 / 19

Drawing Organic Compounds

Drawing Organic Compounds. SCH4U0. Organic Molecules. Organic compounds are mainly composed of carbon and hydrogen Carbon forms the main backbone of the compound, with (usually) several hydrogen atoms bonded to each carbon.

lamar
Download Presentation

Drawing Organic Compounds

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Drawing Organic Compounds SCH4U0

  2. Organic Molecules • Organic compounds are mainly composed of carbon and hydrogen • Carbon forms the main backbone of the compound, with (usually) several hydrogen atoms bonded to each carbon. • There are also other atoms (mostly non-metals) like S, O, N, P, Cl, etc… • Living things are largely composed of organic molecules • Sugars and carbohydrates, DNA, proteins, etc… • There are also several useful synthetic organic compounds • Medicines, polymers (polyester, PVC, fiberglass, etc…)

  3. Organic Molecules • Organic molecules have a huge range in size • From one carbon long to over 1 million carbons long • Because of this, it is very inconvenient to represent these molecules using conventional Lewis diagrams • They get very cramped and confusing, even when there are 5-6 carbons • Especially when shown in 3D

  4. Drawing Organic Molecules • To get around this, we have two simpler ways of drawing these compounds; • Condensed structural diagrams • Skeleton diagrams • Both of these methods rely on our knowledge of carbons basic properties • Always forms 4 bonds to fill its octet

  5. Condensed Structural Diagrams • These diagrams simplify the drawings because they group together each carbon with the hydrogen atoms attached to it • The bonds are sometimes shown, but not always • Eg: = or • Benefits: • Much simpler, and easy to read • Bond angles between the carbons can be shown fairly easily CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3

  6. Condensed Structural Diagrams • Try drawing the following molecules using condensed structural diagrams

  7. Skeleton Diagrams • These diagrams are very simplified • All carbon – carbon BONDS are shown, but not the atoms • All hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon are NOT shown • Any other atoms/bonds ARE shown • Eg: = • Each line has 1 carbon at each end (except if there is an atom drawn at the end of the line like O) • It is assumed that you know how many H must be on each C

  8. Skeleton Diagrams • Try drawing the following molecules in skeleton diagrams

  9. Organic Molecules • What is the chemical formula of the following molecules?

  10. Isomers • Isomers are different compounds with the same chemical formula • There are two types of isomers • Structural isomers • Stereoisomers • Two different isomers, even though they have the same formula, can have very different properties BP = - 24ºC Used as Refrigerant BP = 78.4 ºC Recreational Drug

  11. Structural Isomers • Molecules that have the same formula, but the atoms are not bonded in the same pattern • Eg: • The atoms are bonded in a different way, and this gives the molecules different properties from one another (intermolecular forces, interaction with enzymes, etc…) ethanol methoxymethane

  12. Structural Isomers? • Which of the following pairs are structural isomers of one another? and and and

  13. Structural Isomers • Draw as many structural isomers of as you can Same molecule

  14. Stereoisomers • Molecules that have the same chemical formula and bonding pattern, but the specific arrangement of groups is different • There are two types of stereoisomers that we will discuss • Cis/trans (Z/E) isomers • Enantiomers

  15. Cis/Trans Isomers • Single bonds are allowed to rotate without breaking any bonds • Double bonds cannot, or else the pi bonds will break • That means that: These are all the same molecule These are different molecules

  16. Cis/Trans Isomers • We give cis/trans or Z/E labels to denote the arrangement of groups around the double bond • If the two highest atomic number groups (one from each carbon) are close, we call it “cis” or “Z”. • If the two highest atomic number groups (one from each carbon) are far apart, we call it “trans” or “E”. Cis (Z) Trans (E)

  17. Cis/Trans Isomers • Label the following molecules as cis, trans, or neither. Cis (Z) Cis (Z) Trans (E) Trans (E) neither neither

  18. Enantiomers • Enantiomers are two different compounds that are exact mirror images of one another. • A compound can have an enantiomer if it contains a chiral carbon • Chiral carbon atoms are bonded to four different groups Eg: Enantiomers Not Chiral has no enantiomer Chiral

  19. Enantiomers • Determine whether or not the following molecules have chiral carbons or not • If they do, draw the enantiomer of the compound Not Chiral Not Chiral

More Related