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急救通用流程 Universal Algorithm

急救通用流程 Universal Algorithm. 國泰綜合醫院急診醫學科 陳健驊醫師. 心臟及呼吸停止 人腦細胞於四分鐘開始死亡,於十分鐘內腦死 基本救命術 (BLS) :四分鐘以內 高級救命術 (ACLS) :八分鐘以內. 基本救命術( Basic Life Support ). 生命之鏈. 求救. 心肺復甦術. 去顫術. 高級心臟救命術. 資料來源:美國心臟學會. 取自 1997-99 Advanced Cardiac Life Support AHA p4-2. ACLS 的流程. 1. 口訣 : 叫 , 叫 ,A,B,C

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急救通用流程 Universal Algorithm

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  1. 急救通用流程Universal Algorithm 國泰綜合醫院急診醫學科 陳健驊醫師

  2. 心臟及呼吸停止 人腦細胞於四分鐘開始死亡,於十分鐘內腦死 基本救命術(BLS) :四分鐘以內 高級救命術(ACLS) :八分鐘以內

  3. 基本救命術(Basic Life Support) 生命之鏈 求救 心肺復甦術 去顫術 高級心臟救命術 資料來源:美國心臟學會

  4. 取自1997-99 Advanced Cardiac Life Support AHA p4-2

  5. ACLS的流程 1.口訣:叫,叫,A,B,C 2.IV, O2, monitor 叫:評估病患意識狀況  叫:求救、啟動緊急救護系統(119) Phone First(先打電話) :VT(-)/VF Phone Fast(先急救) : 創傷、溺水、中毒、小於8歲

  6. A:打開呼吸道Airway 壓額抬下巴(Head tilt-chin lift) 非創傷  下顎推擠法(推下顎法)Jaw Thrust

  7. B:檢查呼吸Breathing 看:胸部起伏 聽:呼吸聲 感覺: 病患鼻息 檢查時間:小於10秒 無呼吸:吹兩口氣(1秒/每次)、觀察胸部起伏 (吹氣時需捏住鼻子、蓋住病患嘴巴) 無呼吸有脈博:成人每五秒一次(含吹氣時間 1秒) 袋瓣罩的使用(BVM)

  8. C:檢查脈博Circulation 檢查頸動脈 檢查時間:小於10秒(低體溫者例外)

  9. 心外按摩  壓放比率:各佔50﹪  成人每分鐘按摩100下  按摩及吹氣比率為30:2, 小孩和嬰兒為15:2  心輸出量(正常的25-33%)  5個週期之後,再檢查脈搏 (約2分鐘)  有氣管插管者

  10. 心外按摩(Cardiac Output  25-33 %)

  11. Cardiac dysrhythmia

  12. ACLS的流程 1.Tachycardia Stable:drug Unstable:cardioversion (Unstable signs: conscious change, persist chest pain, hypotension, or shock) 2.Bradycardia Atropine, Transcutaneous pacing, dopamine, epinephrine

  13. 電擊器

  14. ACLS的流程-Tachycardia 1.Narrow QRS:PSVT, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, multiple atrial tachycardia, junction tachycardia 2.Wide QRS: VT, Vf ,SVT with abrrant conduction

  15. ACLS的流程-Tachycardia Cardioversion: Synchronized:PSVT (50J), atrial flutter (50J), 其餘多是100J開始 (monomorphic VT) Unsynchronized: Vf, polymorphic VT (360J)

  16. ACLS的流程-Tachycardia Drug: 1.Adenosine:PSVT 2.Amiodarone 3.B-block 4.Calcium channel block 5.Digoxin 6.MgSO4

  17. PSVT

  18. ACLS的流程-Bradycardia 1.定義: < 60次/分 2.相對性的心搏過緩 3.無症狀不需治療 4.有胸痛,意識改變,低血壓,昏厥,癲癇,心臟衰竭,或其它休克症候則需立刻治療

  19. ACLS的流程-Bradycardia 1.Sinus Bradycardia 2.First degree AV block 3.Second degree AV block (Mobitz I and Mobitz II) 4.Complete AV block

  20. Sinus bradycardia

  21. First degree AV block

  22. 2nd degree AV Block Type I

  23. 2nd degree AV block Type II

  24. Complete AV block

  25. 治療 1.Atropine (0.5 mg IV,3~5分鐘重覆注射,最大劑量3mg) 2.TCP (high degree AV block 要立刻使用) 3.二線藥物 Dopamine Epinephrine Glucagon (B blocker或Ca channel blocker,3 mg) (等候節律器或節律器無效時使用)

  26. Atropine 1.勿使用低於0.5mg的劑量 2.勿因為使用Atropine而延誤使用TCP 3.使用在Acute coronary syndrome的病人要小心 4.心臟移植的病患可能無效

  27. 使用TCP的注意事項 1.Symptomatic bradycardia (class I) 2.Mobitz type II and complete AV block要立刻使用 3.疼痛控制 4.非侵襲性,緊急時暫時使用 5.儘快會診專家

  28. 使用TCP的準備事項 1.Prepare the patient 2.Clean and dry skin 3.Apply pads 4.Turn the pacer functionality on 5.Select mode (demand or fix) 6.Capture the heart rate 7.Evaluate the patient

  29. Transcutaneous Pacing

  30. Transcutaneous Pacing

  31. Thanks for your attention

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