Vocabulary

1. Vocabulary • Factory-Large building in which machinery is used to manufacture goods. • Jethro Tull- Invented a seed drill that allowed farmers to plant seeds more efficiently. • Enclosure- A fenced or hedged in field created by large landowners that forced small farmers to move to cities looking for work. • Entrepreneur- A person who takes a risk to start a business. • Urbanization- The mass movement of people moving from the rural country to the cities.

2. Industrial revolution and the factory system

3. Warm Up • What kind of change do you think takes place during the Industrial Revolution?

4. Industrial Revolution • The change from farm to an industrial economy that began in England in the mid 1700’s • But first… • What did society need before many people could go to work in factories?

5. Agricultural Revolution • Farming methods were drastically improved in the 1700’s. • These advances brought about an Agricultural Revolution, which caused an increase in population. • These innovations and inventions included: • Enclosure Method • JethroTull’s Seed Drill • Crop Rotation

6. The increase in food production freed farmers for industrial jobs, which brings more people into the city. • The population in cities increases drastically.

7. Inventions • The increase in population created an increase in demand for goods. • This increase in demand was met by creating new inventions.

8. The first industry to be transformed was the Textile Industry. • By 1800, the cotton industry had been modernized by new inventions:

9. Flying Shuttle- 1733 • Spinning Jenny-1764 • Water Frame-1769 • Spinning Mule-1779 • Power Loom -1787 • Cotton Gin-1793 • Merchants set these machines up in big buildings called factories.

10. Why Britain? • Large Population • Natural Resources • Economy • Stable Government

11. Transportation Revolution • As production increased entrepreneurs needed faster and cheaper ways to move goods. • During the 1700’s and 1800’s turnpikes, canals, and railroads usher in a Transportation Revolution.

12. Industrialization Spreads • In order to keep the secrets of industrialization Britain forbid engineers, mechanics and toolmakers from leaving the country. • However, British immigrants eventually made their way to Europe and America.

13. Urbanization • The increasing demand for workers led masses of people to migrate from farms to cities. This movement is called urbanization. • This movement caused some cities to double or even quadruple in size. • London quickly became Europe’s largest city, doubling the size of Paris.

14. New social classes were created by the Industrial Revolution. • The middle class owned the new factories and mines. • The working class worked in the factories and mines • They lived and worked in deplorable conditions.

15. Industrial Revolution cities • No development plans, building or sanitary codes • Lacked adequate education, housing and police • No street drainage, thus human waste and garbage collected • These unsanitary conditions led to the spread of diseases. • Cholera • Average life span of city workers was 17! • Workers reacted to these conditions through riots and religion.

16. Working Conditions • Workers moved to the city to work in huge buildings called factories. • Long Hours: 12-14 hr. days • Dangerous machines • Poorly lit • No job security • Filthy; polluted air • No breaks • Low wages • Beatings • Extreme heat

17. The coal mines were even worse than factories. • Black lung disease • Extreme heat • Explosions • Flooding • Collapsing tunnels • Employed many women and children • Average life span was 10 yrs. shorter than other workers.

18. Working class families also sent their children to work, many as young as 5 or 6 years old! • “Factory Acts” were eventually passed to protect children. • Eventually, other laws were passed to shorten the workday for women and require children to be educated.

19. Results of Industrialization • The Industrial Revolution can be said to be both a blessing and a curse… • Negatives Outcomes • Early Industrial Revolution was characterized by low pay and horrible living/working conditions • Pollution

20. Positive Outcomes • Reforms were eventually passed to improve conditions • Better wages, hours, and conditions • More jobs • Increased income • Advanced modes of transportation • More goods, cheaper • Increased standard of living • Better educational opportunities

21. Closing/Reflection • What change made the Industrial Revolution possible? • How did business owners keep up with the demand for products? • How were business owners able to transport goods? • Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain? • What is urbanization? • What new social classes were created in Industrialized cities? • What were the living and working conditions like in the cities and factories? • What were the positive and negative outcomes of the Industrial Revolution?

22. Activity • “You went down one step even from the fowl area into the cellar in which a family of human beings lived. It was very dark inside. The window-panes many of them were broken and stuffed with rags…the smell was so foul as almost to knock the two men down…they began to penetrate the thick darkness of the place, and to see three or four little children rolling on the damp, nay wet brick floor, through which the stagnant, filthy moisture of the street oozed up.” – Elizabeth Gaskell

23. Task: Create a political cartoon that highlights a condition or problem associated with the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain. Here are some suggestions: • Pollution • Conditions of rich people and poor people • Dangerous conditions in factories • Crowded conditions in tenements • The cartoon should display specific characters, a title, and captions or a phrase.