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Pre-Socratics and Plato

Pre-Socratics and Plato. The Earliest Philosophers: Pre-Socratics. Empiricists (Ionians) Thales (580 BC) – water Rationalists Pythagoras (572-500 BC) – geometry, numbers Heraclitus (470 BC) – fire, flux, strife, opposition. Pre-Socratics (cont.). Pluralists

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Pre-Socratics and Plato

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  1. Pre-Socratics and Plato

  2. The Earliest Philosophers: Pre-Socratics • Empiricists (Ionians) • Thales (580 BC) – water • Rationalists • Pythagoras (572-500 BC) – geometry, numbers • Heraclitus (470 BC) – fire, flux, strife, opposition

  3. Pre-Socratics (cont.) • Pluralists • Empedocles—earth, air, fire, water, strife/love • Materialists • Democritus (460-370 BC) – atoms, indivisible, deterministic

  4. Plato’s Teacher - Socrates • Know thyself • The wisest and the most ignorant • Midwife to knowledge • Dualism: Soul and Body • A famous non-author

  5. Plato • Plato’s relationship to Socrates • Dialogues • Dialectic • Works • Apology • Republic

  6. Allegory of the Cave • Metaphysics – What is reality? • Epistemology – What do we know? • Ontology – What is being? • Aesthetics – What is beauty?

  7. The polis in Plato’s Republic • What is justice? • Why be just? The Ring of Gyges

  8. Poets - mislead the citizens create falsehoods corrupt morals Yet – Plato uses allegory, simile, and myth Philosophers are the best poets Art – Thrice removed from reality Poor imitations of what is real Mere illusions The Trouble With . . .

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