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Solutions

Solutions. Chemistry Ms. Piela. Properties of Solutions. Solute – The dissolved particles of a solution Solvent – The dissolving medium in a solution. Solubility. Solubility – The amount of solute that dissolves in a given amount of solvent

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Solutions

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  1. Solutions Chemistry Ms. Piela

  2. Properties of Solutions • Solute – The dissolved particles of a solution • Solvent – The dissolving medium in a solution

  3. Solubility • Solubility – The amount of solute that dissolves in a given amount of solvent • Depends on the nature of the solute and solvent • Factors that affect the rate of dissolving: • Agitation • Surface Area • Temperature

  4. Properties of Solutions • Saturated Solution – A solution containing the maximum amount of solute under a given set of conditions • Unsaturated Solution – A solution containing less than the maximum amount of solute FYI! • Supersaturated solutions are solutions that contain more than the maximum amount of solute

  5. Solubility • Miscible – describes liquids that dissolve into each other • Immiscible – describes liquids that do not dissolve into each other • Example: Oil and Water

  6. Solubility of Gases • Factors affecting gas solubility • Temperature • Pressure • Example: 2 L bottle of pop

  7. Book Work Assignment • Page 452-459 • Answer the Pre-reading Questions • Define the vocabulary • READ the section! • Answer the Understanding Key Ideas of Section Review • IF YOU DON’T FINISH, IT IS HOMEWORK!! Due first thing tomorrow

  8. Solutions and Mixtures • Homogenous – constant composition throughout • Solutions are homogenous mixtures • Heterogenous Mixtures – not blended throughout

  9. Types of Heterogenous Mixtures Orange juice with pulp Oil and water Paint Suspension – Mixture in which particles spontaneously separate over time

  10. Types of Heterogenous Mixtures Fog Milk Marshmallow Colloid – Mixture w/ electric charges so particles won’t collect & separate

  11. Homogeneous mixtures are known as solutions! • Water is the most common solvent, and when things are dissolved in water it is known as an aqueous solution • Solutions are stable, meaning they will not spontaneously become unmixed

  12. Homogenous mixtures are known as solutions! • Colloids are also stable, while suspensions are not… why? • Particles in suspensions are too large • Solutions are not always liquids. For example, metal alloys are also solutions Example: Brass

  13. Methods of Separating Mixtures • Pouring (referred to as decanting) off a liquid from a solid Pouring Centrifuge Centrifuge Based on difference in densities

  14. Methods of Separating Mixtures • Distillation (for liquids only) • Based on differences in boiling points of liquids Distilliation Filtration

  15. Solubility Rule! • “Like dissolves Like” • Meaning that polar dissolves polar, and vice versa

  16. Colligative Properties • Any physical effect of the solute on the solvent • Depends on the number of solute particles

  17. Colligative Properties • Boiling Point Elevation – raising the boiling point using a solute Example: NaCl in water • Freezing Point Depression – lowering the freezing point using a solute • Example: NaCl on roads

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