2 ND PERIOD!!

1. 2ND PERIOD!! • EVERYONE NEEDS TO GET THEIR RSG (READING STUDY GUIDE THICK BOOKS) OUT AND ON THEIR DESKS BEFORE CLASS BEGINS!!!!!!!!!

2. Charlemagne & Feudalism Middle Ages: Chapter 13 Sec. 1&2

3. Middles Ages (PG 353) • Germanic invaders overrun Roman Empire in 400s. • Disruption of Trade • Downfall of Cities • Population Shifts • Rural areas • Farming • Middle Ages = 500-1500 C.E.

5. Learning • Germanic tribes were illiterate • Declines due to loss of cities. • Greek language almost lost. • Germans have rich oral tradition.

6. Common Language • German language changes Latin • Development of • Spanish and French around the 800s.

7. 400 – 600 Years of Upheaval • German kingdoms replace Roman provinces • Continual war changes borders • The Church only source of stability.

8. Government Changes • Germans held together by family & loyalty. • Small communities are governed by unwritten rules and traditions. • Loyalty to chief not to a King

10. Clovis • Germanic leader of people Called the Franks. • Held power over Gaul • France & Switzerland. • 496: converts to Christianity • 511 unites into one kingdom With Church’s help.

11. Church Spreads • Frankish rulers convert Germanic people. • Missionaries. • Fear of Muslim attack on coastal areas.

12. Monasteries, Convents and Manuscripts • Monasteries: religious communities where monks lived.

13. Benedict & Scholastica (PG 355) • Wrote rules that governed The lives of monks & nuns • Brother & Sister • Preserved learning • Opened schools.

14. Papal Power Expands • Gregory I • Becomes Pope in 590 • Broadens papal power. • Church becomes Secular • Political power, not just for churches • Palace becomes center of government • Money raised for armies, negotiate treaties.

15. Church Kingdom Expands out from Italy to England & Spain to Germany

16. Franks Rule • 511 Frankish rule extends over what is now France. • Largest and strongest kingdom.

17. Charles Martel • MAJOR DOMO: • Most powerful official in kingdom • “Mayor of the Palace” • Charge of royal household • Led armies • Made policy

18. 719 become Major Domo More powerful then king

20. Battle of Tours • Charles the Hammer • Defeats the Muslims in Spain in 732 Christian Hero

21. Pepin the Short • Charles’s son • Cooperated with Pope • Fought the Lombard's in Italy • “King by the grace of God”

23. Carolingian Dynasty • Pepin begins this dynasty • Family rules from 751-987

24. Charlemagne • Pepin fathers 2 sons: Carloman & Charles • Carloman dies in 771. • Charles or Charlemagne rules the kingdom

26. Achievements of Charlemagne • Armies reunite western Europe. • Spread Christianity • Fought Muslims • Extended kingdom to the South & East

28. Charlemagne & the Church • Pope Leo III asks for help. • Attacks by mobs. • 800 Charlemagne travels to Rome to protect the Pope.

30. Rewards • Pope crowns Charlemagne emperor. • Title of “Roman Emperor” • Church & Germanic power now joined.

32. Revival • Limits nobles’ power. • ROYAL AGENTS • Eyes & ears of the king • Visited every part of kingdom • Opened schools and monasteries.

33. Charlemagne’s Heirs • 814, Charlemagne dies • Louis the Pious rules poorly.

34. Kingdom Divides • Charlemagne left three sons, who fought for control of the Empire: • Lothair • Charles the Bald & • Louis the German • Fight for control of empire

36. Treaty of Verdun • The three sons signed this treaty to divide the empire between them: • 843 • Treaty that divided the kingdom into three parts. • Central authority broke done • Kings lost power • Led to feudalism

37. Section 2: FEUDALSIM: Structures Society Political system based on land control. • 850 to 950 feudalism emerges in Europe . • Lord (landowner) gives Fief (land grants) in exchange for service. • VASSAL receives the fief. • EXAMPLE: • Charles the Simple, lord ----- Rollo the Vassal

38. SOCIAL CLASSES • 3 groups: • Those who fight: nobles & knights. • Those who pray: monks, nuns, church leaders. • Those who work: peasants. • Class is inherited: majority are peasants

39. People of the System • King: all land ownership vested in him. • Nobles: landowners; served the King. • Knight: Horsemen—served the Nobles in return for fiefs. • Serfs: bound to the land to which they were born. All labor produced belonged to the lord.

40. Economics of Feudalism • Lord’s Manor: Economic System

41. Agreement • Serfs & free peasants maintain estate. • The lord provides housing, farmland and protection from bandits.

43. Self-Contained World • Lord’s House, church, work shops & village. • Peasants & Serfs did not have to leave the estate.

44. Harshness of Manor Life • Serfs could not leave • Not slaves • Never traveled more than 25 miles from home. • All labor belonged to lord. • Tax on marriage & taxed to use mill & bakery. • Tithe: a church tax • 1/10 of a peasants income.

45. Harshness of Manor Life • Dirt floors • 2 rooms • Straw beds • Poor diet • 35 years life expectancy • Lot in life was God’s Plan

46. Peasant Children • Worked as soon As they could walk. No schooling.

48. Chapter 13-3: Age of Chivalry

49. The Code of Honour • A warrior of honour is the poet of justice and truth.  • They are the guardians of the weak, they are the defenders of the helpless.  • Money, Power, a warrior of honour seeks not these things.  • They salve their lives for those they serve.  • Every one dies, not every one truly can ever live, unless they understand and apply the truths of honour and duty.  • No one gains true respect by the murder and the pain of others.  • Those who seek for valour will discover the poets of justice that lie within their noble hearts.