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Where did the Major Religions of the World Originate, and How do Religions Diffuse?

Key Question 2:. Where did the Major Religions of the World Originate, and How do Religions Diffuse?. Classifications of Religions. Monotheistic religions – worship a single deity. Polytheistic religions – worship more than one deity, even thousands.

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Where did the Major Religions of the World Originate, and How do Religions Diffuse?

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  1. Key Question 2: Where did the Major Religions of the World Originate, and How do Religions Diffuse?

  2. Classifications of Religions • Monotheistic religions – worship a single deity. • Polytheistic religions – worship more than one deity, even thousands. • Animistic religions – belief that inanimate objects posses spirits and should be revered.

  3. Classifications of Religions • Universalizing religions – religions that actively seek converts because members believe they offer belief systems of universal appropriateness and appeal. • Ethnic religions – religions whose adherents are born into the faith and whose members do not actively seek converts.

  4. How do Universalizing and Ethnic Religions Differ? • Ethnic • Has meaning in particular place only. • Unknown source. • Content focused on place and landscape of origin. • Followers highly clustered. • Holidays based on local climate and agricultural practice. • Universalizing • Appeal to people everywhere • Individual founder (prophet) • Message diffused widely (missionaries) • Followers distributed widely. • Holidays based on events in founder’s life.

  5. Religions of the World Where are universalizing religions located? Where are ethnic religions located?

  6. Hearths of Religion and Philosophy by 500 BCE

  7. From the Hearth of South Asia

  8. From the Hearth of South Asia • Hinduism – originated in Indus River Valley over 4000 years ago. * ritual bathing, karma, reincarnation, ultimately reach moksha sacred text: Vedas sacred sites: Ganges River social manifestation: caste system diffusion: through South Asia and into Southeast Asia Polytheistic, ethnic

  9. Hinduism • 900 million + adherents primarily in India • Hinduism is an ancient term for the complex and diverse set of religious beliefs practiced around the Indus River. • Reincarnation - endless cycles. Karma and Yoga. • Coastlines and river banks most sacred sites. • Vishnu and Shiva most common of hundreds of deities.

  10. Hinduism Lord Vishnu Ganesh Dancing Shiva/Nataraj

  11. Hindu Temple – Angkor Wat, Cambodia. This temple suffers from neglect and destruction now, as Buddhism has supplanted Hinduism in most of Cambodia.

  12. From the Hearth of South Asia • Buddhism – splintered from Hinduism 2500 years ago. Originated in a region from Nepal south to the Ganges River area. * anyone can achieve salvation, reach enlightenment founder: Siddartha Gautama (the Buddha) sacred sites: stupas diffusion: most strongly into Tibet in the north and into East Asia Neither, universalizing

  13. Buddhism • 300 million + adherents primarily in China and S.E. Asia • Originated near modern Nepal around 530 BC by prince Siddhartha Guatama. • Spread originally in India and Sri Lanka by Magadhan Empire (250 BC). • Indian traders brought it to China in 1st century AD. • By 6th century it had lost its hold on India, but was now in Korea and Japan.

  14. Four Noble Truths: 1. All living beings must endure suffering.2. Suffering, which is caused by desires (for life), leads to reincarnation.3. The goal of existence is an escape from suffering and the endless cycle of reincarnation by means of Nirvana.4. Nirvana is achieved by the Eightfold Path, which includes rightness of understanding, mindfulness, speech, action, livelihood, effort, thought, and concentration. Buddhism Theravada - the older, more severe form which requires the renouncing of all worldly goods and desires. Mahayana - focuses on Buddha’s teachings and compassion. Karma - your past bad or good actions determine your progress toward Nirvana through reincarnation. You are your own God.

  15. 300 million + adherents primarily in China and S.E. Asia • Originated near modern Nepal around 530 BC by prince Siddhartha Guatama. • Spread originally in India and Sri Lanka by Magadhan Empire (250 BC). • Indian traders brought it to China in 1st century AD. • By 6th century it had lost its hold on India, but was now in Korea and Japan. Buddhism

  16. Buddhist Stupas - 72 stupas, each containing a sculpture of the Buddha in meditation were built around 800 CE and still stand in Borobudur, Indonesia.

  17. Buddhism is mixed with local religions in some places. In Japan, Buddhism is mixed with the local religion, Shintoism. Shinto Shrine In Kyoto, Japan, this Shinto shrine is visible after walking through a torii – a gateway usually formed by two wooden posts and topped by two horizontal beams.

  18. Syncretism - the mixing of two or more religions that creates unique rituals, artwork, and beliefs.

  19. Key Terms • Syncretism -the mixing of two or more religions that creates unique rituals, artwork, and beliefs. • Examples include syncretism of Christianity and indigenous beliefs in the Americas, Africa, and Asia. • Caribbean Voodoo (Haiti, Louisiana) • Christianity in Indigenous Latin American Voodoo Dolls, Haiti Shrine, Bangalore, India

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