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The Growth of the European Kingdoms

The Growth of the European Kingdoms. Essential Questions. In what ways did centralized monarchies develop in Europe in the Middle Ages? What were the reasons for the Crusades and what did they accomplish?

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The Growth of the European Kingdoms

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  1. The Growth of the European Kingdoms

  2. Essential Questions • In what ways did centralized monarchies develop in Europe in the Middle Ages? • What were the reasons for the Crusades and what did they accomplish? • What were the major cultural achievements of European civilization in the High Middle Ages?

  3. High Middle Ages • 1000 – 1300 C.E. • Kings begin to extend power over lords • Used marriage and economic influence to gain more control • Begin establishment of the European states

  4. England in the High Middle Ages • October 14, 1066 • William of Normandy defeats Anglo-Saxon (King Harold) • William crowned King of England • William was also a vassal to the King of France • Created a centralized government loyal to the new king • Normans were French • Norman knights given fiefs of land in England • Normans mixed with Anglo-Saxon to create the English language

  5. Battle of Hastings

  6. England • Henry II (1154 - 1189) • Strengthened the royal courts, created a body of common law • Disagreement with Catholic Church • Thomas a Becket (archbishop of Canterbury) killed by 4 of Henry’s knights • English nobles fear the king had gained too much power

  7. Magna Carta • King John • Runnymede in 1215 – forced to sign a contract that outlined feudal laws • Actually strengthened nobility, not common people • Outlined obligations of both the king and nobles • Showed that the monarch’s power was limited

  8. Magna Carta

  9. Edward I • English Parliament – in 1295 Edward invites knights and residents from counties and towns to meet with his council • House of Lords – nobles and church lords • House of Commons – knights and townspeople • Parliament slowly gains power

  10. French Kingdom • 843 – Carolingian Empire splits into three parts • 987 – Hugh Capet creates the Capetian dynasty in the area around Paris (French Royal Domain) • King Philip II Augustus (1180 – 1223) • Fought England for territories of Normandy, Maine, Anjou, and Aquitaine • Expanded economic and political power in France • Philip IV the Fair (1285 – 1314) • Created French parliament • 3 estates • 1st Estate – clergy • 2nd Estate – nobles • 3rd Estate - townspeople

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