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Describing Motion

Learn how to describe motion using words, equations, and vectors. Understand the difference between scalars and vectors, and calculate average speed and displacement. Practice examples included.

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Describing Motion

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  1. Describing Motion

  2. How to Describe Motion • Words - the car is traveling 30 m/s due east • Equations and values - d/t = speed • 100m/20s = 5m/s • Graphically -

  3. With pictures

  4. Vectors and Scalars • A vector is a number with units and includes direction. • Velocity is a vector - 130mph West • A scalar quantity is a number with units but does not specify the direction • Speed is a scalar quantity - 130mph

  5. Vocabulary • Reference point - a zero point • Position - separation of object and reference point • Distance - separation of two objects or locations, needs no reference point. • Displacement - distance and direction between two positions

  6. Calculating Motion Ave. Speed = total distance s=d/t total time Ave. Velocity = total displacement v = d/t total time Or velocity 1 + velocity 2 2 only if traveling at each velocity for the same amount of time This does not give you instantaneous speed or velocity.

  7. When calculating average speed or average velocity, can the instantaneous speeds change along the way? • Units for speed are m/s or cm/s or km/h • If velocity is known, you can calculate distance. • Δd = vt or df = di + vt

  8. 3 Step Method • Write out the equation s = d/t • Substitute in your values with units s = 30m/10s 3) Write out answer with units. s = 3m/s

  9. A car travels 450m in 9.0 seconds find the average speed of the car. • A train is traveling 45km/hr east for 2.5 hrs. Find the displacement of the train. • A person on a bike is traveling 20m/s for 10s and then speeds up to 50m/s for 10s. Find the ave. speed of the bike. • A person on a bike is traveling 20m/s for 100m and then speeds up to 50m/s for 100m. Find the ave. speed of the bike.

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