Cancer Cell Project By: Lyndsi Paul Cortney Marotto

1. Cancer Cell Project By: Lyndsi Paul Cortney Marotto

2. The Growth Rates and Life spans of Different Cells

3. Red Blood Cells • Lifespan- 120 days • Growth Rate- Continually reproducing cells in the bones. • White Blood Cells • Lifespan- A few weeks to a few days. During infection the lifespan is only a few hours. • Growth Rate- Constantly being produced especially when infection is present.

4. Muscle Cells • Lifespan- Live until they are destroyed. • Growth Rate- Re-grow after they are destroyed. • Skin Cells • Lifespan- 2 weeks to 1 month • Growth Rate- Constantly being made by the epidermis.

5. Liver Cells • Lifespan- Live until they are destroyed by alcohol or some other toxin. • Growth Rate- once liver is damaged its permanent. • Brain Cells • Lifespan- They live until they have been damaged. • Growth Rate- The cells are unable to re-grow naturally

6. Bone Cells • Lifespan- Depends on the amount of estrogen being supplied. • Growth Rate- Constantly being produced.

8. How drugs and alcohol affect the Cell Cycle Alcohol effects the cell cycle by inducing an increase in the cyclin D1 expression, early S-phase entry, and disjointed DNA synthesis with increased apoptosis which takes place in the cell cycle. Drugs affect the progression and function of human lymphocytes in vitro.

9. How Drugs and Alcohol Affect the Brain and Liver Cells

10. Brain Cell Drugs block and alter the way neurotransmitter are released, stored, and moved. Alcohol causes wet brain.

11. Liver Cell Drugs cause damage to the liver like liver failure which is when the liver cells are being destroyed faster then they are able to be produced. Alcohol disrupts the body's metabolism and this leads to impaired function of the other organs in your body. Alcohol is also the cause of fatty liver, Inflammatory response, and cytokines.

12. What is “Wet Brain”? Wet brain is a chronic brain syndrome that is caused from alcohol use over a long time. The symptoms included mental disturbance, confusion, drowsiness, paralysis of eye movements, ataxia or a staggering gait. There is no recovery to wet brain.

13. Regeneration Of the Stem Cell

14. What are stem cells? A stem cell is basic cell that can replicate itself exactly. Stem cells can be made by scientists when they are needed. These cells can be replicated into certain types of cells to help with areas such as the heart, brain, and liver. Stem cells can be made into two main types that perform differently.

15. Can Liver and Brain Cells be regenerated? Liver cells can be regenerated by stem cells from the blood. It regenerates by using its own cells. Brain cells were unable to regenerate in the past, but recent studies show that brain cells are able to be regenerated.

16. Sources http://www.greenfacts.org/en/psychoactive-drugs/l-2/3-drug-addiction-brain.htm#2 http://www.bettyfordcenter.org/news/askdrwest/warticle.php?id=6 http://www.ebmonline.org/cgi/content/full/231/2/138 http://www.bio-medicine.org/medicine-news/Blood-Cells-Capable-of-Regenerating-Liver--0D-0A-29-1/ http://alcalc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/agm166v1 http://www.kidshealth.org/kid/htbw/skin.html http://www.braincell.org/ http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh25-4/276-281.htm http://usinfo.state.gov/journals/ites/1005/ijee/glossary.htm http://www.sciencellonline.com/products/3500.htm

17. How drugs and alcohol affect the Cell Cycle Alcohol effects the cell cycle by inducing an increase in the cyclin D1 expression, early S-phase entry, and disjointed DNA synthesis with increased apoptosis which takes place in the cell cycle. apoptosis: is known as cellular suicide, or as a programmed cell death. It is sometimes used by HIV to suppress the immune system. Apoptosis might be caused in both HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected immune system cells because of HIV Drugs affect the progression and function of human lymphocytes in vitro.

18. How Drugs and Alcohol affect the Brain and Liver Cells

19. Brain Cell Drugs block and alter the way neurotransmitter, which are naturally produced chemicals in the brain which carry impulses from one nerve cell to another, are released, stored, and moved.

20. Continued… The brain cells is effected by drugs by mimicking or disrupt the production of neurotransmitters. Glutamate is a chemical substance that is released from some nerve endings to transport the nerve signals from one neuron to the next neuron in the chain. This chemical is also released when nervous tissue has been damaged. And to much of glutamate in the cell causes over stimulate neurons and this causes them to die.

21. Continued… Alcohol affects the brain cell by damaging the dendrites, which are the tree-like branches of the nerve cell body that receive signals from other nerve cells, in the cell and alcohol also reduces the message traffic between different neurons.

22. Liver Cell Drugs cause damage to the liver like liver failure which is when the liver cells are being destroyed faster then they are able to be produced. Alcohol disrupts the body's metabolism and this leads to impaired function of the other organs in your body. Alcohol is also the cause of fatty liver, Inflammatory response, and cytokines.

23. Liver cells are affected by alcohol in a very bad way. When these cells are trying to break down the alcohol, the fatty acids that are usually being supplied to liver cells build up. When these fatty acids build up and due to this build up the liver cells start to deform. This is called fatty liver. Once they start to deform these cells don’t function properly and eventually die.

24. What is “Wet Brain”? Wet brain is a chronic brain syndrome that is caused from alcohol use over a long time. Wet Brain is when brain cells are being destroyed. It is when the cerebral tissue water content is increased. The symptoms included mental disturbance, confusion, drowsiness, paralysis of eye movements, ataxia or a staggering gait. There is no recovery to wet brain.

25. Recent Stem Cell Studies On October 31, 2006 the first artificial liver was grown by British scientists. These scientists used stem cells from new born babies umbilical cords. With these stem cells they could put them into a bioreactor so they could multiply faster. Once they are grown different chemicals and hormones are added to produce parts of a liver. These newly produced liver parts can no be very useful for further studies.

26. A new study shows that with brain and stem cells available a new cure for Parkinson’s Disease. This is made possible by taking the skin cells from a person with the disease. These skin cells can be turned into embryonic stem cells and are cloned. This is called therapeutic cloning. Once this is done, mature brain cells can be put back into the brain.

27. New Sources http://www.opendoorclinic.org/hivglossary.htm http://neurology.med.miami.edu/research_div_basic_research.asp http://www.medical-library.org/journals2a/brain_edema.htm http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/news/news.html?ct=5&icc=NEWS&icl=TabModule&ico=Homepage&in_article_id=413551&in_page_id=1770 http://www.healthchecksystems.com/alcohol.htm http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/parkinsons-the-breakthrough-799932.html