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Invertebrates

Invertebrates. Chapter 7. Binomial nomenclature. Classification by Evolutionary Relationship. By far the most familiar is the frame work created 250 years ago by Linnaeus Organisms grouped in a taxon show a high degree of similarity. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus

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Invertebrates

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  1. Invertebrates Chapter 7

  2. Binomial nomenclature Classification by Evolutionary Relationship • By far the most familiar is the frame work created 250 years ago by Linnaeus • Organisms grouped in a taxon show a high degree of similarity Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

  3. Domains of Life

  4. Kingdom Animalia • ~3 million species, maybe up to 30 million • Eukaryotes: • Cell has a nucleus • Heterotrophs: • Must consume organic matter to maintain cellular metabolism • Metabolism = all the chemical reactions that occur in an organism. • Multicellular

  5. Kingdom Animalia

  6. Kingdom Animalia Must eat (no photosynthesis)

  7. Kingdom Animalia Multicellular

  8. Kingdom Animalia No cell walls

  9. Kingdom Animalia Diverse in form

  10. Kingdom Animalia Diverse in habitat

  11. Kingdom Animalia Some asexual reproduction

  12. Kingdom Animalia Most Sexual reproduction

  13. Kingdom Animalia Unique tissues

  14. Vertebrates • 3% of animal species • Fish • Amphibians • Reptiles • Birds • Mammals

  15. Invertebrates • = No Backbone • 97% of all animal species are invertebrates • Most species are Marine • Ex:

  16. SYMMETRY

  17. Levels of Cell Organization • Cell Level –cells have different functions • Tissue Level – cells organize into groups that carry out specific functions. • Organ Level – tissues organize into organs which coordinates with other organs to carry out specific processes.

  18. Phylum Porifera • =“pore bearing” • Ex: sponges • No symmetry = asymmetrical • Structurally simplest animals • No organs or true tissues, cell level • Many pores

  19. (Phylum Porifera) Sessile = Do not move, live on bottom or on a substrate Filter feeders = consume plankton and other organic materials

  20. Sponges

  21. Structure: Spicules & Spongin • Spicules: • Siliceous or Calcerous structures • Vary in shape and size Spongin =

  22. Sponge Anatomy Ostia (Ostium) = Osculum= Pinacocytes= Porocytes =

  23. Sponge Anatomy Choanocytes/Collar cells = Amebocytes=

  24. Water Flow in Sponges 1. 2. 3. 4.

  25. Sponge form and skeletons

  26. Branching tubular, volcano -like masses • Encrusting sponges are thin brightly colored growths on rocks • Glass sponges live anchored in deep water sediments & have siliceous spicules (lace-like) • Boring sponges bore thin channels through calcium carbonate such as oysters shells and corals

  27. Asexual Reproduction Some sponges form new individuals after their cells are separated from one another.

  28. Sponge Reproduction Asexual Sexual • Budding = parent develops small growths that eventually break off and become separate individuals. • Produce gametes = the reproductive cells. • Specialized collar cells or amebocytes turn into gametes • Male gamete = sperm, produced by the testes. • Female gamete =egg, produced by the ovaries • Most hermaphrodites, produce both kinds of gametes. • Broadcast spawning, sperm released into water.

  29. Sexual reproduction cont. • Early stage of development happens inside sponge • Embryo released into water as planktonic larva and drifts with currents. • Settles on bottom and grows into a new sponge

  30. Fig. 7.4

  31. Sponge Habitat • Poles to the Tropics • Most in shallow tropical waters Sponge Use • Some sponges harvested in Gulf of Mexico and eastern Mediterranean • The spongin are the fibers that remain after death of sponge

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