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RAT 6: Prejudice

Q1. Although psychologists usually refer to prejudice only in a ______ sense, it is possible for a person to have a ________ prejudice about a particular group. . benign; destructivepositive; negativenegative; positivespecific; diffuse. Q1. C. negative; positive . Q2. Which of the following

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RAT 6: Prejudice

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    1. RAT 6: Prejudice INSTRUCTIONS: After the question is asked, you will have a short time to discuss the answer When I say go, hold up your answer No cheating with books or devices Winners will be glorified, praised, and worshipped for their smarts Winners will also receive up to 1 points on the quiz. In the case of a tie, teams will have a dance off.

    2. Q1. Although psychologists usually refer to prejudice only in a ______ sense, it is possible for a person to have a ________ prejudice about a particular group. benign; destructive positive; negative negative; positive specific; diffuse

    3. Q1 C. negative; positive

    4. Q2. Which of the following best exemplifies the concept “prejudice” as used by social psychologists? At parties, Lynne tends to seek out people who, like her, are psychology majors. Kevin feels mistrustful of and uncomfortable around people from the Middle East. Maria seldom hangs out with people who are not Catholic. Barbara believes that women are smarter than men.

    5. Q2 B. Kevin feels mistrustful of and uncomfortable around people from the Middle East.

    6. Q3. When Gordon Allport (1954) described stereotyping as “the law of least effort,” he was suggesting that stereotypes arise from personal experience. to help us conserve cognitive energy. at the service of the ego. to justify objectionable actions quickly and easily.

    7. Q3 B. to help us conserve cognitive energy.

    8. Q4. Jessica isn’t invited to a Super Bowl party her coworkers are throwing because she’s a woman. Jessica is experiencing _________ from her coworkers. discrimination prejudice hostile sexism race-based exclusion

    9. Q4 A. discrimination

    10. Q5. Which of the following concepts is most closely related to a social cognition approach to prejudice? schemas and heuristics realistic conflict self-justification processes the frustration-aggression link

    11. Q5 A. schemas and heuristics

    12. Q6. Which of the following statements about in-groups is true? A . Almost any group can be an in-group. b. We seldom identify with fellow members. c. We are likely to compete with in-group members. d. In-groups are always minimal groups.

    13. Q6 A. Almost any group can be an in-group.

    14. Q7. An instructor divides her class into two groups: those who prefer chocolate candy, and those who prefer fruit-flavored candy. By doing this, the instructor has created dyads. minimal groups. preference-based circles. prejudice.

    15. Q7. B. minimal groups.

    16. Q8. Juliet is Jewish, and is going on a date with a Catholic. “Just don’t bring up abortion—you know all Catholics are pro-life,” cautions her sister. Juliet’s sister is exhibiting the bias known as a. in-group favoritism. b. out-group derogation. c. discrimination. d. out-group homogeneity.

    17. Q8. D. out-group homogeneity.

    18. Q9. According to the authors of your text, it is primarily the _______ aspect of prejudiced attitudes that make them relatively impervious to rational or logical arguments. a. esteem-enhancing b. cognitive c. emotional d. motivational

    19. Q9 c. emotional

    20. Q10. Recall that researchers (Henderson-King & Nisbett, 1997) found that when an African-American confederate took one minor misstep, white participants were hesitant to interact with another African-American person. These results suggest that stereotypes are easily activated, and can affect behaviors. heuristics make stereotypes more accessible. some stereotypes are more accessible than others. there is an imperfect relation between prejudice and discrimination.

    21. Q10 A. stereotypes are easily activated, and can affect behaviors.

    22. Q11. You don’t know very many people with blue hair, but you happen to observe that when fights break out, they seem to involve people with blue hair. You draw the conclusion that people with blue hair are particularly violent, even though they are not. This conclusion reflects a(n) a. subliminal prime of stereotypic information. b. automatic activation of a stereotype. c. artificial association. d. illusory correlation. e. informational conformity.

    23. Q11 D. illusory correlation.

    24. Q12. Why would something as apparently innocuous as a defendant’s name influence the inferences and decisions of mock jurors in the experiment by Galen Bodenhausen (1988)? a. Negative out-group stereotypes were activated, and they biased information processing. b. Group polarization during deliberations made stereotypes more extreme. c. Groups were more likely than individuals to commit the ultimate attribution error. d. Names are often a criterion used to establish minimal in-groups and out-groups.

    25. Q12 A . Negative out-group stereotypes were activated, and they biased information processing.

    26. Q13. Recall that Ronnie Janoff-Bulman and her colleagues (1985) provided college student participants with a description of a woman’s friendly behavior. In addition, some participants were told that the woman was raped by the man, whereas others were provided no such information. When participants judged the appropriateness of the woman’s behavior, men in the “rape” condition engaged in victim blame, but the women didn’t. participants in the “rape” condition judged the woman’s behavior as inappropriate. only participants who believed in a just world blamed the victim. female participants were better able to empathize with the rape victim.

    27. Q13 B. participants in the “rape” condition judged the woman’s behavior as inappropriate.

    28. Q14. Based on information presented in your text, what are the two evolutionary reasons why males are aggressive? a. dominance and jealousy b. hostility and instrumentality c. jealousy and hostility d. dominance and instrumentality

    29. Q14. A A

    30. Q15. James Dabbs and his colleagues (e.g., Dabbs et al., 1995) have found that testosterone levels are significantly higher in men _____, suggesting a ______ contribution to aggression in humans. a. from abusive homes; neurochemical b. convicted of violent crimes; neurochemical c. from lower socioeconomic backgrounds; social d. convicted of property crimes; biological

    31. Q15. B

    32. Q16. _____ refers to the tendency to aggress when we perceive that our progress is thwarted. a. Frustration-aggression theory b. The catharsis hypothesis c. The hydraulic model d. The displacement effect

    33. Q16. A

    34. Q17. As Dale is walking by Andy, he trips over Andy’s foot, falls to the ground, and hits his face on the side of a table as he is falling. Dale will be most likely to reciprocate by acting violently toward Andy if a. Andy intentionally tripped him. b. Andy unintentionally tripped him. c. Andy’s cat just died. d. Dale knows that Andy grew up in abusive household

    35. Q17. A

    36. Q18. David Phillips (1983, 1986) found evidence that exposure to television violence can influence adults’ behaviors, too. He found that _____ increased during the week after _____. a. homicide rates; the release of Rambo b. domestic assaults; the Super Bowl c. homicide rates; televised prizefights d. domestic assaults; news coverage of riots

    37. Q18. C

    38. Q19. Jim watches a heavy dose of violent TV cop shows. According to research by Margaret Thomas and her colleagues (1977), what is one likely outcome of this behavior? Jim will a. feel indifferent when he hears a violent argument between his neighbors. b. become more aware of his own violent behavior and try to stop it. c. be less likely to recognize his own feelings of aggression. d become more upset when he sees aggression that is not fictionalized.

    39. Q19. A

    40. Q20. Which of the following is not a viable explanation for why watching violence on television is correlated with aggressive behavior, according to social-psychological research? a. Television makes the world seem a more dangerous and hostile place. b. Television encourages the catharsis of aggressive impulses. c. Television teaches new ways to aggress and inspires imitation. d. Television desensitizes people to violence.

    41. Q20. B

    42. Q21. Lee is thinking about murdering someone who has wronged him. According to information from your text, under what circumstances would Lee be least likely to commit the crime? a. Lee knows there is a small chance he would get caught. b. The death penalty is one punishment for the crime. c. Lee knows that punishment will be fair. d. Lee knows that punishment is certain and swift.

    43. Q21. D

    44. Q22. Dehumanizing an enemy (e.g., referring to Germans as “Krauts” or Japanese as “Nips” or “Japs” during World War II or referring to Vietnamese as “gooks” during the Vietnam War) can contribute to further aggression and even wartime atrocities by a. increasing frustration. b. reducing our ability to empathize. c. increasing cognitive dissonance. d. increasing inhibitions

    45. Q22. B

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