Art Review

1. Art Review Take notes!

2. Clay Descriptives • Raw Clay - Unprocessed clay. • Leather Hard - The stage between plastic and bone dry when clay has dried, but may still be carved or joined to other pieces. • Greenware- All unfired pottery or sculpture • Bone Dry -Stage of drying when moisture in the body has evaporated so the clay surface no longer feels cold and is light and airy. • Bisque Ware - Ceramic ware that has gone through the first firing. Objects made from clay that permanently retains their shape after they have been heated to specific temperatures • Ceramics - Objects made from clay that permanently retain their shape after they have been heated to specific temperatures. • Stoneware - Glazed pottery used for decorative purposes

3. Vocabulary • Plasticity - The property of clay that allows it to change shape without tearing or breaking. • Grog - Crushed fired clay used as an additive to the clay body to reduce shrinkage and prevent breakage. • Shrinkage - The reduction in size of the clay mass that occurs when water in the clay evaporates during drying and firing

4. Wedging - A way of improving the workability of clay by reforming the mixture to make it homogeneous and even in texture while eliminating air bubbles. (kneading clay) • Rib - A flat curved tool made of wood, metal or plastic used to refine shapes.

5. Building Methods • Slabbing (Slab building) - Hand building technique that involves shaping clay into a broad, flat, thick piece. • Coil - Hand building technique that involves attaching rolls of clay together to form pottery. • Pinch - A hand building technique that involves squeezing the clay, usually between fingers and thumb. • Throwing - The process of shaping plastic clay on the potter’s wheel.

6. Slip - A fluid suspension of clay in water used in joining clay pieces and for surface decoration. • Score and Slip - Technique of attaching pieces of clay together.

7. Green ware Bisque • Firing - Heating pottery or clay sculpture to a temperature high enough to render it hard and durable. • Kiln - A structure (oven) to fire at high temperatures. • Porosity - The amount of empty space in the structure of the fired clay that makes it capable of absorbing liquids.

8. Glazes = Colored Glass Finish • Glaze - A coating of glass that is fused to the surface of a ceramic piece. • Underglaze - Any coloring elements applied before the first firing. • Crawling - A condition where molten glaze pulls away from portions of the surface to leave areas unglazed usually caused by applying too much glaze. • Blistering/Pinholes - Surface bubbles in a glaze caused by the release of impurities or gases that result when the firing process is too fast. • Running - When too much glaze is added to the clay body and it runs and pools on the kiln shelf. • Crazing - A network of fine lines (cracks) in a glaze caused during cooling when tension between the clay body and glaze is uneven. • Rough Surface - Surface conditions when glaze is applied too thin.

9. Types of Balance • Radial Balance - Elements arranged around a central object • Symmetrical Balance - Similar enough to imply a balance on either side of a central axis. • Asymmetrical Balance – When the left and right sides of the design are unequal it is said to have asymmetrical balance.

10. Printmakingprocess - refers to making copies of the same thing. • Etching - process uses acid to create a plate for printing. • Lithography - prints from the lower level of the limestone. • Silkscreen - printing involves high mesh silk, ink, and squeegees. • Woodcut and linoleum prints are created by carving a relief image. The raised areas create the inked image.

11. In printmaking, an edition is a number of prints struck from one plate, usually at the same time. Why do artists make prints as opposed to works that cannot be duplicated? • Signing a print - you should put the edition numbers, name and date. Edition # Name and date

12. A Brayer • A brayer is a soft rubber roller mounted to a handle and used to roll out ink to create prints.

13. Sculpture in which three-dimensional forms project from a flat background of which they are a part. The degree of projection can vary and is described by the terms high relief and low relief (bas-relief.) . • Relief Sculpting and Carving

14. Contour drawing is a process of line drawing the outside edges of the subject. • Blind contour drawing is the process drawing contour lines without looking at your paper.

15. Contrast ( Balance Emphasis Emphasis Harmony and variety Unity Movement Rhythm/ Pattern Proportion

16. Movement shows actions, or alternatively, the path the viewer's eye follows throughout an artwork. Movement is caused by using elements under the rules of the principles in picture to give the feeling of action and to guide the viewer's eyes throughout the artwork. In movement your art should flow, because you are controlling the viewers eye. You control what they see and how they see it, much like a path leading across the page to the item you really want to be seen by the viewer • Unity is the quality of wholeness that is achieved through the effective use of the elements and principles of art. The arrangement of elements and principles to create a feeling of completeness.[2] • Harmony is achieved in a body of work by using similar elements throughout the work, harmony gives an uncomplicated look to a piece of artwork. • Variety (also known as alternation) is the quality or state of having different forms or types. The differences which give a design visual and conceptual interest: notably use of contrast, emphasis, difference in size and color.[2] • Balance is arranging elements so that no one part of a work overpowers, or seems heavier than any other part. The three different kinds of balance are symmetrical, asymmetrical, and radial. Symmetrical (or formal) balance is when both sides of an artwork, if split down the middle, appear to be the same. The human body is an example of symmetrical balance. The asymmetrical balance is the balance that does not weigh equally on both sides. Radial balance is equal in length from the middle. An example is the sun.[2] • Contrast is created by using elements that conflict with one another. Often, contrast is created using complementary colors or extremely light and dark values. Contrast creates interest in a piece and often draws the eye to certain areas.[2] • Proportion is a measurement of the size and quantity of elements within a composition. In ancient arts, proportions of forms were enlarged to show importance. This is why Egyptian gods and political figures appear so much larger than common people. The ancient Greeks found fame with their accurately-proportioned sculptures of the human form. Beginning with the Renaissance, artists recognized the connection between proportion and the illusion of 3-dimensional space. • Pattern and rhythm(also known as repetition) is showing consistency with colors or lines. Putting a red spiral at the bottom left and top right, for example, will cause the eye to move from one spiral, to the other, and everything in between. It is indicating movement by the repetition of elements. Rhythm can make an artwork seem active.[2 • Emphasis is the creation of a focal area in a work of art.

17. Great web site that explains the principles of art. • http://www.fcds.org/faculty/RebeccaStoneDanahy/web/protected/Responsive%20Drawing/Rhythm_Movementx.pdf

18. Shape Line Color Elements of Art Space Value Texture Form

19. Elements of Art space

20. Pablo Picasso Artists CUBISM Lichtenstein Salvador Dali Annie Leibovitz POP ART SURREALISM PHOTOGRAPHY

21. Types of Paint • Acrylic paint –Opaque water-resistant paint • Tempera Paint – Flat, chalky-like water based paint • Watercolor paint – Transparent paint

22. Credit is generally given to the artist Andy Warhol for popularizing screen printing identified as serigraphy, in the United States. Warhol is particularly identified with his 1962 depiction of actress Marilyn Monroe screen printed in garish colors.[9][10]

23. Critiquing Steps – D.A.I.E. – (Do artists invite envy?) • Describe: Tell exactly what you see • Analyze: Use the elements/principles to reflect upon the art form • Interpret: Consider the following • What is the artist trying to say? • What caused the artist to say it? • What is the historical milieu that surrounds the work of art? • Why was the work of art created in this particular style? • Evaluate: How successful or important is the work of art?

24. Critique this work in your notes. Painting – Acrylic - Lidia Simeonova: Sad Masks

25. Papier-mâché A composite material consisting of paper pieces or pulp, sometimes reinforced with textiles, bound with an adhesive, such as glue, starch, or wallpaper paste.