Drugs and the Nervous System

1. Drugs and the Nervous System Drug – any substance, other than food that changes the structure or function of the body Legal Illegal

2. Commonly Abused Drugs Section 35-5 Used to increase alertness, relieve fatigue Used to relieve anxiety, irritability, tension Used to relieve pain Stimulants Depressants Opiates Amphetamines Barbiturates Tranquilizers Morphine Codeine Increase heart and respiratory rates; elevate blood pressure; dilate pupils; decrease appetite Slow down the actions of the central nervous system; small amounts cause calmness and relaxation; larger amounts cause slurred speech and impaired judgement Act as a depressant; cause drowsiness, restlessness, nausea Drug Type Medical Use Examples Effects on the body

3. 1. Stimulants Increase Heart rate Blood pressure Breathing Release of neurotransmitters at some synapses in the brain Deplete neurotransmitters and lead to: Fatigue Circulatory problems Hallucinations Depression

4. 2. Depressants Decrease Heart rate Breathing rate Blood pressure Relax muscles Relieve tension Enhances release of neurotransmitters that prevent nerves cells from firing Alcohol with depressants can lead to death – depresses CNS to a point one stops breathing

5. 3. Opiates Mimics endorphins Endorphin – natural chemical in brain that helps overcome pain When person stops taking Brain has adjusted to high levels of endorphins Cannot produce enough natural endorphins Suffer uncontrollable pain and sickness

6. 4. Cocaine Sudden release of Dopamine Powerful Stimulant Increases heart rate and blood pressure First time users can have heart attack Dopamine – neurotransmitter in brain that is released to give feeling of pleasure and satisfaction

7. 5. Marijuana Active ingredient (THC) tetrahydrocannabinol More destructive to lungs than cigarettes 5 marijuana cigs = 120 conventional cigs Results in: Lower WBC count by 40% - susceptible to infections Teens – inhibits maturity Retards normal brain growth Memory loss Inability to concentrate Fall short on memory as well as math and verbal skills Males – reduced testosterone levels and increases estrogen levels Females – disturbs menstrual cycle DNA damage to eggs

8. More Effects (FYI) Impaired perception Loss of coordination Increased risk of accidents Impaired judgement Loss of motivation Diminished inhibitions Increased heart rate Anxiety, panic attacks, and paranoia Hallucinations Damage to the respiratory, reproductive, and immune systems Increased risk of CANCER Psychological dependency

9. 6. Alcohol Depressant Slows down CNS 40% of 50,000 highway deaths are caused by drinking and driving 1/3 of homocides attributed to effects of alcohol $150 billion dollars of U.S. economy alcohol abuse treatment Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) Drinking while pregnant Heart defects, malformed faces, delayed growth, poor motor development

10. Alcohol and Disease Long-term alcohol use or bouts of excessive consumption Destroys liver cells Cirrhosis of liver – formation of scar tissue that prevents blood flow through liver

11. Drug Abuse Intentional misuse of any drug for nonmedical purposes Addiction – uncontrollable dependence on a drug

12. Only Way to Prevent Addiction and Effects of Drugs NOT taking them to begin with

13. Famous People that have Died of Drug Overdoses • Michael Jackson Andy Gibb • Britany Murphy David Ruffin • Elvis Presley Heath Leger • Jim Morrison John Belushi • Janis Joplin River Phoenix • Chris Farley • Freddy Prinze • Judy Garland • Brad Renfro • Dana Plato • Kurt Cobain • Anna Nicole Smith • Ike Turner • Brandon and Bruce Lee

14. Diseases, Conditions, and Syndromes of the Nervous System

15. Parkinson’s Disease

16. Interview with Michael J. Fox

17. Occurs when there is not enough oxygen going to the brain. Stroke

18. Autism • Overview • Autism is a developmental disorder that appears in the first 3 years of life, and affects the brain's normal development of social and communication skills. • Symptoms • Most parents of autistic children suspect that something is wrong by the time the child is 18 months old and seek help by the time the child is age 2. Children with autism typically have difficulties in: • Pretend play • Social interactions • Verbal and nonverbal communication • Some children with autism appear normal before age 1 or 2 and then suddenly "regress" and lose language or social skills they had previously gained. This is called the regressive type of autism. • People with autism may: • Be overly sensitive in sight, hearing, touch, smell, or taste (for example, they may refuse to wear "itchy" clothes and become distressed if they are forced to wear the clothes) • Have unusual distress when routines are changed • Perform repeated body movements • Show unusual attachments to objects

22. Rainman (Part 1)

23. Rainman (Part 2)

24. Kim Peek- the “Real Rainman” 1

25. Kim Peek- 2

26. Kim Peek- 3

27. Kim Peek- 4

28. Polio • Viral disease of the central nervous system that can cause paralysis.

29. Teacher- Collins Syndrome

30. Juliana Whitmore

31. Is an inflammation of the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. Disease is caused by bacteria, or a virus. Symptoms – Very bad headache Meningitis

32. Tourettes Syndrome

33. Congenital disease (born with) Disturbance of motor functions Cerebral Palsy

34. Disk in vertebra moves up against the spinal nerves. Very painful Herniated Disk

35. Animals rely on two systems for regulation: Nervous System is a system of nerve cells called neurons. It consists of a central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nerves. Typical responses are fast and short lasting. Endocrine System is a system of ductless glands that secrete hormone into the blood. Hormones travel to target tissues. Typical responses are slow and long lasting. Progesterone Estradiol