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Evolution of Exteriors

Evolution of Exteriors. Chapter 6. Traditional Houses. These styles were created in the past and are still being used today. Most housing styles are in some way traditional. They have usually been changed in some way over time. Native American Influence.

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Evolution of Exteriors

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  1. Evolution of Exteriors Chapter 6

  2. Traditional Houses • These styles were created in the past and are still being used today. • Most housing styles are in some way traditional. • They have usually been changed in some way over time.

  3. Native American Influence • Native Americans have had a large impact on housing today. • Log hogans (Navajo) • Adobe dwellings (pueblo) • Box like construction • Flat roofs • Projecting roof beams

  4. Native American Influence

  5. Native American Influence

  6. Spanish Influence • South and Southwest. Climate is very warm and dry. • The traditional aspects will be seen in warmer climates. • Asymmetrical design • Red roof tiles • Arch-shaped windows and doors • Wrought iron décor • Stucco walls- type of plaster applied to exterior walls of house.

  7. Spanish Influence

  8. Spanish Influence

  9. Scandinavian • Log cabins are the largest impact Scandinavia plays on housing today. • Small, one story, rectangular • Gable roofs- come to a point in center and slope on both sides.

  10. Log Cabin Homes

  11. Dutch Influence • Dutch Colonial- 1st built in New York and Delaware. • Made of fieldstone or brick, sometimes wood. • Gambrel roof- eaves that flare outward. • Dormers- structures that project through the roof and contain windows on the 2nd floor. • Central entrance • Chimney off center • Windows with small panes

  12. Dutch Colonial

  13. German Influence • 1st German-American homes were built in Pennsylvania. • Pennsylvania Dutch Colonial • Gable roofs • Thick fieldstone walls, becoming more elaborate over time. • Roof ledges between 1st and 2nd floor called pent roofs.

  14. French Influence • The French also has played a big role in housing styles today. • French Manor • Symmetrical • Wings on each side of the roof. • Mansard roof on main part of home- type of gambrel roof. Architects name was mansard. • Dormers

  15. French Manor

  16. French Influence (cont.) • French Provincial- 1st built in New Orleans. (great picture in text) • Sometimes 2 ½ stories tall • Symmetrical • Tops of windows break into eave lines.

  17. English/Colonial Influence • These were usually simple, small and eventually grew larger by additions. • Cape Cod- small, symmetrical, 1 ½ story. • Gable roof • Central entrance & chimney • Several fireplaces • shutters

  18. Cape Cod

  19. English/Colonial Influence • Salt Box- type of Cape Cod. • Term comes from the shape of the boxes that were used to store salt at the time. • Lean-to section to the back. • 2-2 ½ stories tall • Steep gable roof, extended to floor in the rear. • Large central chimney • Large windows with small panes

  20. Salt Box

  21. English/Colonial Influence • Garrison- named for it’s early garrisons, or forts. • Overhanging second story- this allows extra space without widening the foundation. • Symmetrical design • Steep gable roof • Windows with small panes

  22. Garrison Housing

  23. English Influence • Georgian • Simple exterior lines • Windows with small panes • Gable OR Hip roof-sloping ends and sides. Sometimes topped by a flat area with a balustrade- railing. • Tall chimneys at each end of roof. • Ornamentation under the eaves.

  24. Georgian

  25. Federal Style Housing • Boxlike shape • At least 2 stories tall • Symmetrical • Flat roof surrounded by a balustrade. • Sometimes has a portico- an open space covered with a roof that is supported by columns. • Pediments- decorations that are usually found over the porticoes, windows, or doors. • Segmental or Triangular

  26. Federal Style

  27. Greek Influence • Greek Revival • 2 story portico that is supported by Greek columns and has a large triangular pediment. • Usually large in size • Many government buildings are designed in Greek Revival.

  28. Greek Revival

  29. Southern Colonial Influence • Southern Colonial is similar to Greek Revival. • Large, 2-3 story. • Symmetrical • 2 story columns extend across entire front. • Hip or Gable roof. • Often include dormers, shutters, and belvedere-small room on the roof used as a lookout.

  30. Southern Colonial Columns

  31. Victorian Homes • Victorian houses are named after Queen Victoria of England. • Decorative Trim • High porches • Gable roofs • Tall windows • High ceilings • Turret-small tower • Gingerbread- the extensive decoration on these homes

  32. Victorian

  33. Modern Houses • Styles developed in the 20th century. • These are relatively new compared to other styles but may have influences from the past. • Bungalow • One story • Low pitched roof • Shingled roof extending beyond the walls • Sometimes a covered porch that is enclosed. • Wood or brick • Windows are set high so furniture can be placed underneath.

  34. Bungalow

  35. Bungalow

  36. Prairie Style • Orgin: Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. • It’s interior space visually flows outdoors through porches, terraces, and windows. • Designed to blend with natural surroundings.

  37. Prairie Style

  38. Prairie Style

  39. Modern • Ranch; • One-story structure • Often has basement • Low-pitched roof with wide overhang. • Usually made of building materials with energy saving features. • Usually expensive to build because the amount of land it takes up. • Origin: USA; West

  40. Types of Ranch Houses • Hillside Ranch- built on a hill. • Part of the basement is exposed. • Raised Ranch- split entry. • Top part of the basement is above ground. • This allows light to enter the basement.

  41. Modern • Split-level- 3 or 4 levels. • Usually built on sloping lots. • Good for splitting us different areas in the house. Ex. Social, quiet, and service areas. • Not convenient for people with special needs.

  42. Split-Level

  43. Contemporary House • These are the “latest” designs. • Sometimes controversial. • Architectural styles are not traditional. • Unique designs that differ greatly from house to house.

  44. Solar Housing • Active solar heating systems- panels installed in the roof of the building to capture the sun’s energy. Fans move the heated air to areas needed. • Passive solar heating areas- no working parts. They include a design that maximizes use of sun for heating. • Dark colored walls may be used to absorb heat and transfer inside.

  45. Contemporary • Earth-sheltered housing- partially covered with soil. • Energy efficient because the soil is a natural insulation that protects the house. • Some are partly underground or into a hill. • Some use part solar energy also.

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