Health Care Systems

1. Health Care Systems 3.01 Health Team Relations

2. Introduction • Many different health care systems deliver health care • Health care is one of the largest and fastest growing industries in the United States • Employs over 10 million workers in over 200 careers • Two billion dollar per day business

3. Hospitals • Vary in size and type of service provided • Some are small and serve basic needs of a community • Some are large, complex centers that offer diagnosis, treatment, education, and research • Hospital patients can stay overnight

4. General hospitals • General hospitals treat wide range of conditions and age groups • Provide diagnostic, medical, surgical, and emergency services

5. Speciality Hospitals • Care for certain conditions or age group- specialize in one thing • Examples: burn, oncology (cancer), pediatric (Duke University Children’s Hospital), psychiatric, orthopedic, rehabilitation hospitals (help get back to normal after an accident)

6. Government Hospitals • Operated by federal, state, and local government agencies-supported by taxes • World-wide facilities for government service personnel and their dependents • Veteran’s Administration hospitals • State psychiatric hospitals • State rehabilitation centers

7. University or College Medical Centers • Treat patients, do research and provide education • Can be funded by private or government sources • Examples:

8. Long Term Care Facilities(LTC or LTCF) • Provide care for elderly, individuals with chronic or long-term illness • Individuals receiving care are usually called residents instead of patients (or clients)

9. Long-term care facilitiesNursing homes or geriatric homes • Provide basic physical and emotional care • Usually for individuals who cannot care for themselves • Help individuals with activities or daily living (ADLs), provide a safe and secure environment, and promote opportunities for social interactions

10. Extended care or skilled care facilities • Provide skilled nursing and rehabilitative care to prepare resident for return to home environment or other long-term facility (serves as “bridge” between hospital and home) • Some have subacute units: provide rehabilitation services for major illness or surgery, treatment for cancer, or treatments such as dialysis or heart monitoring

11. Independent or assisted living facilities: • Individuals purchase or rent unit and can receive services such as meals, housekeeping, laundry, transportation, social events, and basic medical care

12. Medical Offices • Doctor’s office • May be privately owned by one doctor or large complexes with many doctors

13. Medical Offices Services • Diagnosis • Treatment • Examinations • Basic laboratory tests • Minor Surgery

14. Medical Offices • Specialties- certain age groups or conditions • Examples include: Pediatrics (babies & children), Cardiology (conditions of the heart), and Obstetrics (care of the pregnant female)

15. Dental Offices • Private offices to dental clinics employing several dentists • Dental clinics now found in major retail/department stores • Can provide general or specialized dental care

16. ClinicsSatellite Clinics or Satellite Centers • Found in many types of health care • Can be a group of medical/dental doctors who share a facility and other personnel • Or can be operated by corporation or private groups and provide special care

17. Surgical clinics/surgicenters • Perform minor surgeries • Frequently called “one-day” centers • Patients are sent home after surgery

18. Urgent/Emergency care clinics • Provide first aid or emergency care to ill or injured patients

19. Rehabilitation clinics • Rehab or therapy centers • Physical, occupational, speech, or other similar therapies

20. Specialty Clinics • Provide care for specific diseases • Examples: Diabetes or Oncology (cancer) clinics

21. Health Department Clinics • Offer clinics such as… • Pediatric care • Sexually transmitted diseases • Respiratory diseases • Immunizations

22. Optical Centers • Can be individually owned by an ophthalmologist (eye doctor) or optometrist (eye specialist) or be part of a large chain of stores • Provide vision examinations for those having trouble reading, blurred vision • Prescribe eye glasses or contact lenses • Check for the presence of eye diseases

23. Emergency Care Services • Provide special care for accidents or sudden illness • Emergency Room (ER) operated by hospitals • Emergency care clinics- Example-Urgent Care, Med-Zone

24. Emergency Care Services • Ambulance services: private and governmental, transport patients • Rescue squads: frequently operated by fire departments, usually first on the scene • Helicopter or airplanes: rapidly transport patients

25. Laboratories • Can be part of other facility or operated as separate health care service • Medical laboratories: perform diagnostic tests such as blood & urine tests • Dental laboratories: prepare dentures and other devices

26. Home Health Care • Provide care in patient’s home • Examples of care… Nursing care Personal care: bathing dressing, and so forth Therapy: physical, occupational, speech, respiratory Homemaking: food preparation, cleaning, washing, and so forth

27. Hospice • Provide care for terminally ill persons with life expectancy of six months or less • Care provided in person’s home or hospice facility • Their goal is to allow the person to die with dignity and in comfort • Provides psychological, social, spiritual, and financial counseling for both patient and family

28. Mental Health Facilities Deal with mental diseases and disorders • Examples… • Guidance and counseling centers • Psychiatric clinics and hospitals • Chemical abuse treatment centers for alcohol/drug abuse • Physical abuse treatment centers (child or spouse abuse)

29. Genetic Counseling Centers • Perform prenatal (before birth) screening tests • Checking for genetic abnormalities and birth defects • Explaining the results of the tests • Identifying medical options when a birth defect is present • Helping individuals cope with the psychological issues caused by a genetic disorder

30. Rehabilitation Centers • Provide care directed at helping patient with physical or mental disabilities obtain maximum self-care and function • Can include hospitals, clinics, and/or private centers • Services can include physical, occupational, recreational, speech, and hearing therapies

31. Health Maintenance Organizations Prevention! • Preventive health care • Examinations • Basic medical services • Health Education • Hospitalization • Rehabilitation services

32. Industrial Health Care Centers • Located in large industries or companies • Provide care for employees of the industry-if someone gets hurt while on the job, they go to the industrial health care center for treatment • Services: basic exams, teach accident prevention/safety, provide emergency care

33. School Health Service • Found in schools and colleges and provide the following services… • Emergency care for accidents and sudden illness • Tests to check for health conditions: speech, vision, hearing, and so forth • Promote health education • Maintain safe and sanitary school environment • Counseling