Unit 8:

1. Unit 8: CELEBRATIONS

2. LANGUAGE FOCUS

3. OVERVIEW • Pronunciation /fl/ - /fr/ - /θr/ • Grammar: Pronouns one(s), someone, no one, anyone, everyone.

4. PRONUNCIATION • /fl/ • /fr/ • /θr/

5. flower fly

6. fry fruit

7. threatened three

8. Practise reading aloud this sentences • I’m afraid there’s a fly in your fruit cake. • He keeps throwing flowers through the windows. • Three of my friends flew to Frankfurt yesterday. • They bought some frozen food from the supermarket. • The river flows through the centre of three cities.

9. Exercise: write the words in the task above which contain sounds /fl/ - /fr/ - /θr/

10. GRAMMAR Pronouns One(s) Someone No one Anyone Everyone

11. One(s) • One: replaces a single countable noun E.g: “Can get you a drink?” “It’s OK. I’ve already got one.” • Ones: replaces a plural noun E.g: I think his best poems are his early ones.

12. One(s) • Ones: prefers thing to people • Ones in the phrases means people • The little ones (= small children) • (your) loved ones (= usually close family) • (one of) the lucky ones • Ones in comparative e.g: Older students seem to work harder than younger ones.

13. One(s)  One/ones: not used for: • Replacing a uncountable noun e.g: I like brown bread but not white. • Following nouns which are used as adj e.g: I thought my key was in my trouser pocket, but it was in my coat pocket.

14. One(s)  One/ones: not used for: • Following my, your,…; some, any, both or a number e.g: Take your coat and pass me mine. (NOT … pass me my one)

15. One(s) • One/ones: can be left out • Following which e.g: When we buy medicines, we have no way of knowing which (ones) contain sugar. • Following superlative e.g: Look at that pumpkin! It’s the biggest (one) I’ve seen this year.

16. One(s) • One/ones: can be left out: • Following this, that, these, those; either, neither, another, each, the first/ second/ last,… E.g: Would you like some grapes? These (ones) are the sweetest, but those (ones) taste best.

17. One(s) • Ones: can not be left out • Following the, the only, the main, and every E.g: When you cook clams you shouldn’t eat the ones that don’t open.

18. One(s)  Ones: can not be left out - Following adj (- colour adj) E.g: My shoes were so uncomfortable that I had to go out today and buy some new ones. “Have you decided which jumper to buy?” “Yes, I think I’ll take the blue (one) .”

19. Someone/ No one/ Anyone/ Everyone • Some & someone, somebody, something • Any & anyone, anybody, anything • No & no one, nobody, nothing • Every & everyone, everybody, everything

20. Some & someone, somebody, something • “Some” is used: • In positive sentences e.g: They bought some honey.

21. Some & someone, somebody, something • “Some” is used: • In invitation, suggestionorrequest. e.g: Would you like some wine? Could you do some typing for me?

22. Some & someone, somebody, something • Someone, somebody, something: used like “some” E.g: Someone/ Somebody gave me a ticket for the pop concert.

23. Any & anyone, anybody, anything • “Any” is used: • In negative sentence: e.g: I don’t have any match. • With hardly, barely, scarely and without e.g:He crossed the frontier without any difficulty.

24. Any & anyone, anybody, anything • “Any” is used: • In questions (- questions use “some”) e.g: Do you have any money? • After if/whether e.g: If you need any more money, please let me know.

25. Any & anyone, anybody, anything • Anyone, anybody, anything: used like “any” e.g: Do you want anything from the chemist?

26. No & no one, nobody, nothing • “No”: used with positive verbs to express the negative meaning. e.g: I have no apples. (= I don’t have any apples)

27. No & no one, nobody, nothing • No one, nobody, nothing: also used like “No” e.g: No one/ Nobody has ever given me a free ticket for anything.

28. Every & everyone, everybody, everything • “Every”: used for indicating any thing, any people. e.g: We watch TV every day.

29. Every & everyone, everybody, everything • Everyone, everybody, everything: used for indicating all people, all things. E.g: I bought everything you wanted.

30. Notes • Someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody: used in possessive form. e.g: Someone’s passport has been stolen.

31. Notes • Someone, anybody, no one…  they, them, their e.g: No one saw Tom go out, did they?

32. Notes • Something, anything, nothing… it e.g: Something went wrong, didn’t it?

33. Exercise 1 Choose the correct word or phrase: • We arranged the meeting, but ………… came. (no one/ anyone) • We don’t think there’s ……………… wrong with her reading ability. (anything / something) no one anything

34. Exercise 1 3. ……………… is knocking the door. (One / Someone) 4. Does …………… want a drink? (one / anyone) 5. “Have you got a radio?” “No” “You should buy …………” (something / one) one Someone anyone

35. Exercise 2 • Correct the mistakes you can find in these sentences.

36. Exercise 2 • When I arrived, I didn’t see somebody there. Everyone had gone home. • Of the two shirts, I prefer the white ones. • Nobody want to stay home on such a lovely summer day. anyone one  ones somebody

37. Exercise 2 4. He didn’t want something to do with the arrangements for the party. 5. I couldn’t fit all the boxes in the car, so I have to leaves ones behind and pick it up later. 6. There was hardly no one on the beach. It was almost deserted. anything one anyone ones something no one

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