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Perspectives on UK’s Research Strengths

Perspectives on UK’s Research Strengths. December 2, 2010, London HEPI Conference Dr Nick Fowler, Director of Strategy, Elsevier. Overview of Scientific, Technical and Medical (STM) Information industry. Products. Customers. Other. Other. Academic and government institutions.

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Perspectives on UK’s Research Strengths

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  1. Perspectives on UK’s Research Strengths December 2, 2010, London HEPI Conference Dr Nick Fowler, Director of Strategy, Elsevier

  2. Overview of Scientific, Technical and Medical (STM) Information industry Products Customers Other Other Academic and government institutions Databases and online tools Journals, print and E Individuals Medical R&D-intensive corporations Books, print and E Source: Simba

  3. Science publishers have a privileged vantage point on science • Each year • 3 million articles submitted • 300,000 peer reviewers • 1.5 million articles published • 30 million readers • 2 billion digital article downloads • 30 million article citations

  4. 2010 Nobel Prize winner Idea Publication impact Societal impact Medicine Robert Edwards IVF 44x average 4 million births Physics Faster computers, lighter aeroplanes Andrew Geim, Konstantin Novoslev Graphene 23x average Publication impact, societal impact: Nobel prize examples

  5. UK, research articles published: 2003-2009 Articles published • UK researchers authored 114,000+ articles in 2009 • The number of articles authored by UK researchers grew on average by 3.3% per year from 2003-2009, vs. 4.0% globally Note: Data shows UK’s article outputs (research articles, reviews and conference papers) per year, 2003-09. Growth rates are CAGR calculated over the period 2003-09. Source: Scopus

  6. R&D funding inputs vs. published article outputs by country Logarithmic scales Articles published, 2008 Gross Expenditure on R&D ($Millions)

  7. Share of global R&D spending, 2006 and 2015 2015 2006

  8. Share of published journal articles, 1996-2020(projected) Global share of total articles published Year

  9. UK, impact of research outputs: 2003-2008 Size of bubble proportional to 5-year article output International collaboration rate Citations per article • UK articles are cited on average 5.8 times vs. 4.6 for the world average • In terms of Impact, UK ‘punches above its weight’ • UK’s growing publication impact is associated with growing levels of international collaboration 8 Note: Data shows UK’s article outputs (research articles, reviews and conference papers) and shares using 5 year periods, e.g. 2008 corresponds to 2004-2008 publications . 8 Source: Scopus

  10. UK research outputs: rates of collaboration rate International collaboration rate • Science is becoming more collaborative: the percent of articles co-authored by researchers residing in separate countries increased from 26% in 2003 to 33% in 2008 • The UK’s rate of international collaboration is significantly higher: 41% of articles were co-authored with non-UK researchers in 2008 Note: Data shows proportion of article outputs representing international collaboration (where one or more other countries are listed in the author address) in 5-year periods, e.g. 2008 corresponds to 2004-2008 publications and 2004-2008 citations. 9 9 Source: Scopus

  11. International collaboration rates correlates strongly with publication impact Field-weighted relative impact 1 2 3 4 5 Number of collaborating countries (where 1 = domestic) • International scientific collaboration is generally acknowledged as a positive force driving national impact and prestige • Domestic articles (‘1’) have no collaboration partners have around 3 times fewer citations per article than those with four collaborating countries (‘5’) 10 10 Source: Scopus

  12. UK: international collaboration Note: Collaboration relationships are shown for the UK and its local collaboration environment. Articles are counted in a 5-year window (i.e. 2004-08 citations to 2004-08 articles) and are represented as variable-thickness lines (edges) between countries (nodes). Line thickness represents the share of collaboration to or from the connected countries. Lines are only shown where greater than 1,000 collaborative articles in this period. Visualisation is by the Force Atlas algorithm, which treats the network of edges as a system of interconnected springs and seeks to satisfy the tension of all edges simultaneously in a 2D rendering; hence, countries sharing a collaborative relationship tend to group together, while those that do not are placed further apart. 11 Source: Scopus

  13. Scientists are more mobile Destinations of researchers formerly affiliated with UK institutions • Top destinations for UK-based researchers • US • Germany • France • Australia • Canada • Italy • Netherlands • Spain • Japan • China Source: Scopus

  14. Map of UK research strengths, 2009

  15. UK distinctive competency exampleApplication of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology in clinical neurophysiology • Large, fast-growing area of research (20,000 articles in 2009); UK has 24% share, cites more recent research than the US • Leading UK institutions: UCL, Oxford, Cambridge, Birmingham • Most prolific author: from University of Birmingham • Most prolific and most cited institution: UCL

  16. UK distinctive competency exampleAcute Psychiatric Nursing • Of all areas of research strength, UK leads by the greatest margin in Acute Psychiatric Nursing: 3x US articles, 2x US citations • Leadership driven by King’s College London, City University, U. of Central Lancaster, U. of Manchester and U of Nottingham

  17. UK distinctive competency exampleClimate change and sea levels • UK slightly less prolific than US, but more highly cited. Leading institutions in the world include BAS, Oxford, Reading, Bristol and Durham • Effective collaboration among UK researchers across disciplinary and institutional boundaries to create a national strength • Example: second most highly cited article: physicists, computer scientists (Oxford), climate modellers (Met Office, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory), earth scientist (Open University), time-series analyst (LSE), meteorologist (U of Reading)

  18. UK universities: volume vs impact of outputs Research Selective Research Intensive • No UK university appears in more than 160 (40%) of UK’s distinctive research competencies • Both Russell Group and non-Russell Group are highly cited relative to the world average • Effective collaboration by UK researchers across all types of institutions at the level of highly specific sub-fields drives UK’s overall impact 17 Source: Analysis based on Scopus data

  19. UK research strengths vs. other global leaders

  20. Implications of observations are challenging • Observations • R&D spending drives R&D outputs, and new global leaders are emerging • Science is becoming more collaborative • Scientists are more mobile geographically • Science is becoming more interdisciplinary • Challenges • How to hold and grow share given global shift • How to find and build links with the right partners • How to identify, attract and retain the best • How to allocate funds across subjects and departments

  21. Collaboration area (1 of 4): quality content to drive research efficiency • Science information: less than 1% of universities’ spending, but drives the efficiency and effectiveness of the remaining 99% • A 2x increase in article downloads is associated with a 3x increase in articles authored, a 2.7x increase in PhDs granted, and a 4x increase in grants won • Effective research institutions drive societal and economic benefits Source: “E-journals, their use, value and impact”, 2009 RIN/Ciber

  22. Collaboration area (2 of 4): enhanced access to scientific research data Very high importance , very high satisfaction High importance , low satisfaction • Publishers are working to facilitate access to experimental data sets • Link data sets to journal articles, e.g. Pangaea, CCDC • Support and drive guidelines with key partners, e.g. Wellcome Trust, NSF, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Source: 3823 researcher respondents, PRC global access vs. Importance study http://www.publishingresearch.net/

  23. Collaboration area (3 of 4): amplified evidence to inform science policy + • Example, the UCL/Lancet commission: 29 researchers, 13 UCL departments examined the Health Effects of Climate Change. • Report was the most requested in Scopus of 7,500+ UCL-authored articles and was in the top 1% of most downloaded articles from ScienceDirect. • Findings discussed at a meeting of commonwealth health ministers, and mentioned at the World Health Assembly • Other Lancet commissions: the future of health and development with the LSHTM to coincide with the UN Summit held in New York; with UCL on Healthy Cities; with Harvard on the future of health professional education.

  24. Collaboration area (4 of 4): tailored information to manage research impact • Project to develop metrics and tools to help institutions maximise the impact of their research investments • Institutional and national decision-making: needs data and analysis of collaboration networks, research strengths, and emerging hot spots of research

  25. Summary Quality of life Quality research Quality information

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