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All About the Little Fish

All About the Little Fish. Vertebrate Cladogram. Mammals. Birds. Reptiles. Hair/fur. Amphibians. Endotherms. Lobe finned. Amniotic egg. Ray Finned. Shared Derived Characteristics: The trait that separates one group from the others. Paired appendages. Sharks.

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All About the Little Fish

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  1. All About the Little Fish

  2. Vertebrate Cladogram Mammals Birds Reptiles Hair/fur Amphibians Endotherms Lobe finned Amniotic egg Ray Finned Shared Derived Characteristics: The trait that separates one group from the others. Paired appendages Sharks Bones in Pectoral Fins (Appendages) Jawless fish Boney Skeleton Jaws

  3. Fish Classification • Kingdom: • Animal • Phylum: • Chordates • Subphylum: • Vertebrates • Classes: • 1) Jawless Fish (Agnatha) 2) Cartilaginous Fish (Chondrichthyes) 3) Bony Fish (Osteichthyes)

  4. 3 Classes of Fish

  5. Class Agnatha Nickname: Jawless FishExamples: Lamprey, Hagfish • Lack jaws – attach to prey with a disk-shaped sucker mouth • Elongated eel-like bodies • Lack paired fins & bones • Lack scales • Cartilaginous skeleton

  6. Hagfish traits: • Bottom dwellers • Salt water • No jaws • have a plate-like tongue to rip flesh off organism • Tie themselves into knots so they can’t be preyed upon Hagfish Video

  7. Lamprey traits: • Lack jaws • Sucker mouth • feed off the body fluids of prey • In salt or fresh water Lamprey Video

  8. Class ChondrichthyesNickname: Cartilaginous fishExamples: Sharks, rays, skates • Skeleton made up of cartilage • Jaws • Paired fins • Predators • carnivores

  9. Scales – PLACOID SCALES • like sand paper • Internal fertilization Claspers Mating sharks

  10. Shark traits: • 6-20 rows of teeth • Pointed inward • Immediate replacement • 20,000 teeth in a lifetime • Extremely well-developed sense organs to detect prey • Constantly swim • Or they will sink • lack air bladder • Store excess lipids So they are less dense.

  11. Ray traits: • Flat bodies • Bottom dwellers • Give birth to live young • Diamond shaped body • Live in fresh and salt water Has a venom apparatus or sting at base of tail. -contains toxin that causes great pain and may alter heart rate and respiration of stung mammal (Killed Steve Irwin)

  12. Skate traits: • Flat bodies • Bottom dwellers • Long, whip-like tails • No venomous barb • Lay eggs • “Mermaid Purses” • Triangular body • Live only in salt water

  13. Class OsteichthyesNicknames: Bony FishExamples: Trout, bass, etc.. • Jaws • Bony skeleton • Paired fins • Have lungs or swim bladders -fill with air for buoyancy “Little Nemo” living in his Cnidarian home.

  14. 1. Ray Finned Fish Common fish Trout, perch,etc.. Fins supported by long flexible, bony rays Contains an air bladder Scales – CYCLOID • camouflaging for protection in the water • similar to rings in trees Two major groups of Osteichthyes:

  15. The “Penis” Fish (Candiru)

  16. 2. Lobe-finned Fish: Lunged fish and Coelacanth fish: • have gills and lungs • live in shallow ponds ~ ponds dry up, buries self in mud ~ uses lungs -Have fleshy fins with no rays

  17. Coelacanth fish • thought to be extinct but recently viewed Lack rays Has fleshy skin

  18. Evolution from water to land:

  19. Fish adaptations for life in water

  20. 1. Stream-Lined body • Allows them to move without resistance

  21. 2. Muscular Tail • Rapid Movement

  22. 3. Paired Fins • Maneuver through water

  23. 4. Gills • Take in O2 & get rid of CO2 because scales enable diffusion through the skin.

  24. 5. Dorsal Fin • Increases stability

  25. 6. Secrete Mucus • Reduces friction as they swim

  26. 7. Lateral Line • Row of sensory structures that runs length of body and are connected to the brain. Used to detect vibrations

  27. External Anatomy of a Bony Fish: Adipose fin

  28. Fins: 1) Caudal – for forward movement of fish 2) Dorsal – keep the fish upright and stable 3)Anal – keeps fish moving in a straight line 4) Pelvic – 5) Pectoral – 6) Adipose - only in certain types of fish, unknown function Used for stopping and moving up and down (paired fins)

  29. Dorsal fins: -one -two -joined -separated

  30. Operculum:Hyperlink - hard cover that protects the gills • CLOSED when water enters the mouth • OPEN when water comes out the gills Barbel: -slender whisker like appendages near the mouths of certain fish - notably members of the carp and catfish families - have a sensory function

  31. Scales: • Protection • Prevent loss or gain of water How old?!?

  32. Other Fun Bionerdy Facts • Fish = pets since 1853 • ~12M households • July 2005 • ~646lb Mekong catfish in Thailand • Goldfish = ~ 20 year life span • Dental offices to reduce stress

  33. That’s All Folks!

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