1914-1918: The World at War

1. 1914-1918:The Worldat War

2. Causesof theWar

3. M. Militarism A. Alliances, Assassination of Archduke I. Industrialization, Imperialism N. Nationalism M.A.I.N. Causes of WWI

4. 1. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

5. Bismarck Used war freely between 1865 and 1871 to unify After 1871, Germany was “satisfied power” New goal: to prevent war (1871-1890) France biggest threat, so created alliances to protect against French war 1879 DUAL ALLIANCE (Germany and Austria-Hungary) 1882 TRIPLE ALLIANCE (Italy Joined) 1887 Treaty with Russia Background to Alliances

6. Fall of Bismarck Fired by Wilhelm’s grandson (Wilhelm II) Wilhelm II wanted to pursue rapid expansion He let the treaty with Russia lapse 1894, France formed alliance with Russia Bismarck’s greatest fear.

7. Wilhelm II and the new German legacy Queen Victoria was his grandmother Lifelong grudge against Britain Envied its empire and navy 1890’s began great ship-building program to make German navy equal to Britain’s Britain began to enlarge its own fleet=naval arm’s race

8. New Alliances 1904 treaty of friendship between France and Britain 1907 Triple Entente treaty (Russia joins club)

9. 1. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

11. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

12. The Major Players: 1914-17 Allied Powers: Central Powers: Nicholas II [Rus] Wilhelm II [Ger] George V [Br] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Enver Pasha[Turkey] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Franz Josef [A-H]

13. 2. Militarism & Arms Race Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s.

14. 3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

15. ColonialRivalries:Africain1914

16. Colonial Rivalries: Asia in 1914

17. The British Empire in 1914

18. 4. Aggressive Nationalism

19. Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 The“Powder Keg”of Europe

20. Balkans 100 years the Balkans had been trying to free themselves from Ottoman rule By 1900s several groups had broken away and formed new nations: Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, Romania, and Serbia. Austria-Hungary saw weakened Ottoman as chance to extend their influence on Balkan peninsula Russia encouraged nationalism in the Balkans and worked to expand their influence there for access to ports of Mediterranean sea. 1908 Austria annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina Serbia worried about future Austria expansion.

22. The Balkans in 1914

23. The“Spark”

24. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

25. The Assassination: Sarajevo

26. The Assassin: GavriloPrincip • Austrian heir killed by Serbian nationalists • Austria blamed Serbia • Germany issued “blank check” of support • Russia vowed to help Serbia • Austria declared war

27. Austria declared war on Serbia July 1914 Russia mobilized troops along Austrian-German border July 1914 Germany declared war on France and Russia August 1, 1914 Great Britain declares war on Germany- August 3, 1914 War is Declared

28. Who’s To Blame?

29. Europe in 1914