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Immunity – lines of reaction

Immunity – lines of reaction. Nonspecific - cellular- quantitative - no. of lymfocytes (rosettes), Blood count, - leu, lymfo, mono, eosino……… - functional - phagocytosis, Activity, Index, test of activation of lymfocyts

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Immunity – lines of reaction

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  1. Immunity – lines of reaction • Nonspecific - cellular- quantitative - no. of lymfocytes (rosettes), Blood count, - leu, lymfo, mono, eosino……… • - functional - phagocytosis, Activity, Index, test of activation of lymfocyts • - humoral - quantitative - IgG,IgA,IgM, C3,C4,CH50,CIK, proteins of acute phase of inflamation -CRP, • - functional – clinically, baktericidal activity of serum, activity of lysosym

  2. Suspect deficiency of immunity • Screening tests: - general - blood count + diff., FW, CRP, ASLO, RF - immunological – humoral immunity: IgG, IgA, IgM,) – • cellular immunity – no of lymfocyts - rosettes, subpopulation – flow cytometry, • - phagocytosis - diff leukogram, FA,FI • - complement sy - CH50,. C3, C4,

  3. 1. translocation of leu throught intercellular binding of endotel and adherence on endotel • 2. enter leu in interstitium and its activation by chemical substances produced in sites where microbes are present as answer to disruption - chemotaxis • 3. antigen is covered by molecules that make ingestion easier - opsoniation *fibronectin, *IgG specific antibodies, C3 • 4. adherence of Ag on neutrofils starts - internalisation, • 5. formation of fagosomes and their fusion with primary (hydrolytical and proteolytical enzymes) and secondary granules (lactoferin, cytochrome b)

  4. Demonstration • Phagocytosis – Activity, index,

  5. Fagocytosis, activity and index. • Leukocytes (PMNL) are offered the foreign bodies - in a way that full blood is incubated with baker yeast. • The foreign bodies are phagocyted by PMNL. • The blood smear is done and stained by May Grunwald method. • Under microscope with imersion we read the picture.

  6. Fagocytosis, activity and index. • No of phagocyting PMNL and not phagocyting PMNL are counted untill 100. No of phagocyting PMNL in % is determining the phagocytosis or phagocytic activity. • In phagocying PMNL we register by adding the no of foreign bodies – yeast that are phagocyted – localised intracellularly. • The fagocytosis index is calculated by dividing the no of phagocyted foreign bodies by no of phagocyting PMNL (%). • This is the value of functional properties of phagocytes. • Normal FI=2,5

  7. Fagocytosis, activity and index. • Normal level of FI =2,5 • If less – after longlasting bacterial infections (no sources) • - in-borne deficiency (lazy neutrofils) • If more – activated in ongoing acute infection

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