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Temperature, Heat and Expansion

Temperature, Heat and Expansion. The higher the temperature of the substance, the faster the molecules move. Review…. Temperature is NOT a measure of the total kinetic energy of all the molecules in a substance.

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Temperature, Heat and Expansion

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  1. Temperature, Heat and Expansion

  2. The higher the temperature of the substance, the faster the molecules move. Review…

  3. Temperature is NOT a measure of the total kinetic energy of all the molecules in a substance. There is twice as much kinetic energy in 2 liters of boiling water is in 1 liter of boiling water. The temperatures of both liters of water are the same because the average kinetic energy of molecules in each is the same. Kinetic Energy and Temperature

  4. If two substances are in thermal contact, heat flows from the higher-temp. substance to the lower temp. substance. Heat is Energy in Transit…

  5. When a substance takes or gives off heat, its internal energy changes.

  6. When a thermometer is in contact with a substance, heat flows between them until they have the same temperature. Thermal Equilibrium…

  7. Heat transferred can be found by measuring the temperature change of a known mass of substance that absorbs the heat.

  8. The specific heat capacity is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a given mass of the material by a specified number of degrees. The capacity of a substance to store heat depends on its chemical composition. Specific Heat Capacity

  9. q= Cp x m x delta T cp = intrinsic characteristic of the material forming body called specific heat (unit is heat per unit mass per unit temperature). m = mass delta T = change in temperature q = heat (measured in calories) Specific Heat Equation

  10. The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree C from 14.5 degree C to 15.5 degree C at 1 atmosphere pressure. Specific heat of water is 1.00 cal/(g degree C) Calories

  11. The property of water to resist changes in temperature improves the climate. How do you think this works?

  12. Most forms of matter expand when they are heated and contract when they are cooled.

  13. At 0 degrees celsius, ice is less dense than water, and so ice floats on water

  14. No upper limit of temperature has been found. As the thermal motion of atoms in a substance approaches zero, the kinetic energy of the atoms approaches zero. This means that as an object gets colder, its atoms and molecules begin to move slower and slower. Some scientists predict that at absolute zero all motion of the atom and its constituent parts would cease. If this happens, what do you think would happen to time? Absolute Zero

  15. = 0 K = 273 K Absolute Zero

  16. Whenever heat is added to a system, it transforms to an equal amount of some other form of energy. The is the thermal version of the law of conservation of energy. Heat added = increase in internal energy + external work done by the system. First Law of Thermodynamics

  17. When work is done on a gas by adiabatically compressing it, the gas gains internal energy and becomes warmer. Examples: car engine cylinders, air masses & chinook wind Adiabatic Processes

  18. Heat will never of itself flow from a cold object to a hot object. Heat flows from hot to cold naturally only. Second Law of Thermodynamics

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