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Election of Women

Election of Women. Why so much variation across nations? across American states?. Election of Women. Major changes In US Congress about 17% “big” increase post 1990 In State legislatures steady gains post 1970 little change in last 10 years frozen at about 23%. Election of Women.

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Election of Women

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  1. Election of Women • Why so much variation • across nations? • across American states?

  2. Election of Women • Major changes • In US Congress • about 17% • “big” increase post 1990 • In State legislatures • steady gains post 1970 • little change in last 10 years • frozen at about 23%

  3. Election of Women

  4. Election of Women

  5. Election of Women • Candidate recruitment • In states, increase in # of candidates tracked w/ increase in # of women elected • Since 1992, pool of candidates has not increased

  6. Election of Women

  7. Election of Women • Major partisan differences • Since 1990, fewer GOP women elected • More Dem women elected • 31% of D state legislators women • 15% of R state legislators women • Same pattern in US Congress

  8. Election of Women

  9. Election of Women • Regional variation • Women have made major gains in some states • New England, WA, West • Highest = 40% in CO • Little representation in many states • South • lowest = 13% in SC

  10. Election of Women

  11. Election of Women

  12. Nordic 42% SWE 45% Americas 22% CAN 22%, MEX 18% Europe 22% SUI 29%, GER 33% Europe (n-n) 20% RUS 14% Asia 19% JAP 11% SubS Africa 18% Election of Women

  13. Election of Women • Questions • Why trends, why flattening? • Why partisan differences? • Why regional differences? • What effects of representation?

  14. Election of Women • Are voters biased against women candidates? • continued sexism? • Are there not enough viable women candidates?

  15. Election of Women • Major factors • Party recruitment • Is this reason for party difference? • in US, local parties • lower office route to • other nations • Party list placement

  16. Election of Women • Major factors • Campaign finance • Men and women have different networks • Different opportunities for raising money • Women fewer opportunities to raise large sums of money

  17. Election of Women • Major factors • quotas • in Constitution • in Party rules • In Europe, left parties started quotas earlier

  18. Election of Women • Single member vs. multi-member districts • WA, AZ.... • Voters more likely to vote for woman if also first have chance to vote for a man?

  19. Election of Women • Cultural factors? • Scandinavia vs. rest of Europe • Gender roles different SP, IT than SWE... • New England vs. US South

  20. Election of Women • Daniel Elazar’s US Political Culture thesis • Moralistic • Government advance society, Scandinavians • Individualistic • politics to advance personal economic goals • Traditionalistic • hierarchy, authority

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  22. Election of Women

  23. Election of Women • Cultural v. Institutional factors • Traditional cultures = • fewer women in ‘modern’ careers • fewer women candidates • less recruitment of women candidates

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