Basic Concepts in Disaster Management Dr. Qudsia Huda Emergency Preparedness and Humanitarian Action WHO EMRO

1. Basic Concepts in Disaster ManagementDr. Qudsia HudaEmergency Preparedness and Humanitarian ActionWHO EMRO First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

2. Why Basic Concepts Important? First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

3. Definition vs Concepts Being defined vs an idea of something formed by mentally combining all its characteristics First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

4. GlobalizationWebster Dictionary 1931 Globe, Global 1951 Globalization the state of being globalizedthe development of an increasingly integrated global economy marked especially by free trade, free flow of capital, and the tapping of cheaper foreign labor markets First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

5. Princess Diana’s Death First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

6. An English princess with an Egyptian boyfriend crashes in a French tunnel, riding in a German car with a Dutch engine, driven by a Belgian who was drunk on Scottish whisky, followed closely by Italian Paparazzi, on Japanese motorcycles, treated by an American doctor, using Brazilian medicines. This is sent to you by a Candian, using American Bill Gates' technology, and you're probably reading this on your computer, that uses Taiwanese chips, and a Korean monitor, assembled by Bangladeshi workers in a Singapore plant, transported by Indian truck drivers, hijacked by Indonesians, unloaded by Sicilian longshoremen, and trucked to you by Mexican illegals.....That, my friend, is Globalization ! First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

7. A sudden unforeseen crisis (usually involving danger) that requires immediate action Is any actual crisis affecting public health and safety that needs immediate attention. Health Emergency

8. I can’t find my mobile phone • My son hasn’t come home from school • A man is having a heart attack • A plane has crashed • Gas is leaking from a factory • Cholera outbreak in Haiti • An earthquake in China • Earthquake in New Zealand • Tsunami in Japan (??) Examples

9. China Earthquake • find and rescue victims • evacuate victims to safe place • provide first aid and medical transport • treat the injured • provide shelter, sanitation, food and water • care for the dead and manage the missing • establish security • re-establish the lifelines (water, power, phone) • plan and pay for recovery and reconstruction

10. Disaster A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources. • An act that has disastrous consequences.

11. Bam earthquake • Indian ocean tsunami • South Asian earthquake • Conflict in Gaza • Flood is Pakistan • Earthquake in Haiti Examples

12. All disasters are emergencies but not all emergencies are disasters

13. A humanitarian crisis in a country, region or society where there is total or considerable breakdown of authority resulting from internal or external conflict and which requires an international response that goes beyond the mandate or capacity of any single agency and/ or the ongoing United Nations country program Complex Emergency

14. extensive violence and loss of life; • massive displacements of people; • widespread damage to societies and economies • the need for large-scale, multi-faceted humanitarian assistance   • the hindrance or prevention of humanitarian assistance by political and military constraints   • significant security risks for humanitarian relief workers in some areas Complex Emergency

15. Sudan • Somalia • Some countries in Sub Saharan Africa • Afghanistan • ……. Complex Emergency

16. A source of danger A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage. Hazard

17. Examples • Earthquakes • Floods • Cyclones • Tsunami • Volcanoes • Civil unrest • Chemicals • Drought • Famine • Conflict • Epidemic • Pandemic • Wildfire • Road Traffic Accident

18. Man Made • Natural • Hydrological • Technological • Chemical • Biological Types of Hazards

19. Community consists of 5elements • the people • their property • their services • their livelihoods • their environment A community is best defined as a group of people who, regardless of the diversity of their backgrounds, have been able to accept and transcend their differences, enabling them to communicate effectively and openly and to work together toward goals identified as being for their common good.

20. Why community is important? ‘First Responder’ Interaction with Hazard Have weakness to suffer Have strength to withstand

21. Risks The combination of the probability of an event and its negative consequences. the potential consequences of exposure to a hazard

22. dead and missing; • injury (mental and physical); • disease (mental and physical); • secondary hazards (fire, disease etc.); • contamination; • displacement; • breakdown in security; • damage to infrastructure; • breakdown in essential services. • loss of property; • loss of income … Examples

23. The characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard exposing to risks. Vulnerabilities

24. Access to health care • Measles vaccination low coverage rate • Lack of access to safe water • Lack of access to sanitation • Unsafe infrastructure • Poverty • Illiteracy • Unskilled health workforce • Environmental degradation Examples

25. The combination of all the strengths, attributes and resources available within a community, society or organization that can be used to achieve agreed goals. Ability of coping and responding to reduce loss Capacities

26. Training • Guidelines • Plan • Policy • Partnership • Resources • Risk Maps • Assessments • NCPHEM Capacities

27. The knowledge and capacities developed by governments, professional response and recovery organizations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from, the impacts of likely, imminent or current hazard events or conditions. Preparedness Process of building capacity

28. Response The provision of emergency services and public assistance during or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people affected.

29. Recovery The restoration, and improvement where appropriate, of facilities, livelihoods and living conditions of disaster-affected communities, including efforts to reduce disaster risk factors. Building Back Better

30. Early Warning System The set of capacities needed to generate and disseminate timely and meaningful warning information to enable individuals, communities and organizations threatened by a hazard to prepare and to act appropriately and in sufficient time to reduce the possibility of harm or loss. First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

31. Exercise!! First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman

32. Thank you First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management 12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman