1 / 42

CLIMATE OF INDIA

CLIMATE OF INDIA. Climatic Extremes - Temperature. 55 o C Rajasthan on a hot summer day -50 o C Ladakh on a winter dawn. Climatic Extremes - Rainfall. >2500 cm Mawsynram (Meghalaya) <13 cm Thar desert. Climatic Extremes – Annual Range of Temperatute. 3 o C Malabar Coast

lilike
Download Presentation

CLIMATE OF INDIA

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. CLIMATE OF INDIA

  2. Climatic Extremes - Temperature • 55o C • Rajasthan on a hot summer day • -50o C • Ladakh on a winter dawn

  3. Climatic Extremes - Rainfall • >2500 cm • Mawsynram (Meghalaya) • <13 cm • Thar desert

  4. Climatic Extremes – Annual Range of Temperatute • 3o C • Malabar Coast • 20o C • Interior India (Delhi)

  5. So, What’s Common ? • The entire sub-continent receives rainfall due to Monsoon winds

  6. Factors affecting Climate of India • Latitude • Physical features • Altitude • Distance from the Sea • Other minor factors

  7. Influence of Latitude • Tropic of Cancer passes through India • Northern half – Temperate • Southern Half – Torrid • Yet the sub-continent is said to have a sub-tropical climate!!! • No striking difference of temperature • Seasonal rainfall due to monsoons

  8. Influence of Relief - Himalayas • Himalayas • Stop cold winds from north • Help to create HT-LP regime • Pull monsoons • Force monsoons to shed moisture in India • Arakan Yoma Range • Deflect the monsoons into India

  9. Influence of Relief – Other features • Western Ghats • Uneven rainfall in the peninsula • Aravallis • Dry climate in Rajasthan

  10. Influence of Altitude • Deccan Plateau cooler than Northern Plains in summer • Snowfall in Himalayas

  11. Distance from the Sea • Equable climate in coastal areas • Extreme climate in the interior

  12. Other factors • Western disturbances • Winter Rainfall in Punjab • Conditions surrounding the sub-continent • Indian Ocean • Africa • Jet Streams • Not much known

  13. Seasons in India • Summer • Rainy Season • Retreating Monsoon Season • Winter

  14. THE INDIAN SUMMER

  15. Summer Season - Dateline • March to May • Sun directly overhead on equator on March 21 • Sun directly overhead on Tropic of Cancer on June 21

  16. The Indian Summer - Summary • From March to May (Movement of sun from Equator to Tropic of Cancer) • High temperature, low pressure over the northern plains • Low temperature, slightly high pressure over the Peninsular Plateau • High pressure over Indian Ocean

  17. The Indian Summer - Summary • Monsoon winds not drawn into India due to HP over Peninsula • Hot ‘Loo’ in northern plains • Kalbaisakhi in West Bengal • Mango Showers in Kerala

  18. THE INDIAN SUMMER LOO March to May L P KALBAISAKHI H P MANGO SHOWER H P H P

  19. THE INDIAN MONSOON

  20. Monsoon – Meaning • Refers to a seasonal wind which blows over the Indian sub-continent • Sea to land in summer • Land to sea in winter

  21. Monsoon – Unique features • Brings rains to the sub-continent • Varies in strength • Uncertain and Uneven

  22. Monsoon - Timeline • June to September • Sun moves from Tropic of Cancer to Equator • Causes LP in peninsular India • By August, monsoon spreads all over India

  23. Monsoon – Arrival times • Monsoon arrival dates • Western Ghats, NE states – 15th June • North-western India, Eastern Ghats – 1st July • Northern Plains, Central India – 15th July • Kanyakumari is the first place to receive rainfall • Kerala is the first state to receive rainfall

  24. THE INDIAN MONSOON JUNE TO SEP L P L P H P H P

  25. Mechanism of Monsoons

  26. Distribution of Rainfall • Areas of Heavy Rainfall (>200 cm) • Windward Side of Western Ghats • Eastern Himalayas • West Bengal • Areas of Moderately heavy rainfall (100-200 cm) • Deccan Plateau • Middle Ganga Valley • Orissa

  27. Distribution of Rainfall • Areas of Moderate Rainfall (50-100 cm) • Eastern Ghats • Upper Ganga VAlley • Gujarat, Punjab, Rajasthan • Areas of Scanty Rainfall (<50 cm) • Western Rajasthan • Northern J & K • Kutch

  28. Rainfall Distribution Map of India

  29. Features of Indian Rainfall • Occurs from June to September • Distinct Rainy Season • Erratic and unpredictable • Unevenly distributed • Orographic rainfall • Cyclones and convectional rainfall

  30. THE RETREATING MONSOON

  31. Retreating Monsoon - Meaning • Strength of monsoon decreases • Extent to which monsoons were able to reach from June to September decreases • Direction remains the same • Also called ‘Retreating SW Monsoon’

  32. Retreating Monsoon - Causes • Sun moves from Equator towards Tropic of Capricorn • Temperatures drop • LP replaced by HP

  33. Retreating Monsoon - Dateline • October and November • Monsoon withdrawal dates • Northern Plains – 15th September • Western Ghats – 1st October • Kolkata – 15th October • Kerala – 15th November

  34. Retreating Monsoon - Summary • Monsoons decrease in intensity • LP gradually replaced by HP • In the northern plains, it is oppressively hot – a condition called ‘October Heat’ • Cyclones hit east coast and Bangladesh • Kerala last state from where monsoons withdraw

  35. THE RETREATING MONSOON OCT AND NOV L P L P H P H P

  36. WINTERS OF INDIA

  37. The Indian Winter - Dateline • November to February • Sun descends towards Tropic of Capricorn

  38. THE INDIAN WINTER WESTERN DISTURBANCES DEC TO FEB HP H P NORTH EAST MONSOON L P L P

  39. WINDS IN WINTER • Although India lies in Trade Wind Belt, • Himalayas & ArakanYoma Ranges do not allow them to come to India

  40. WINDS IN WINTER • HP over Land, LP over Sea • Winds move from Land to Sea • Deflected due to Coriolis Effect • Blow from NE to SW • Called NE monsoon winds • Direction coincides with Trade Winds • SW Monsoon winds ‘reverse’ in direction

  41. Summary of Indian Winter • Cool and Pleasant • December to February • Sun shines in the Southern Hemisphere • HP over land; LP over Sea • Winds move from Land to Sea (North East Monsoons) – a phenomenon called ‘Reversal of Winds’

  42. Summary of Indian Winter • Western Disturbances come to India • Cause cyclonic rainfall in Punjab • Move along the foothills of the Himalayas into the Bay of Bengal • NE Monsoons joined by Western Disturbances cause rainfall in Tamil Nadu (Palni, Javadi and Shevaroy hills)

More Related