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The Scientific Method. Science is for Everyone, Kids Included!. Purpose of the Scientific Method. A systematic way for scientists to investigate and solve problems Developed by Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626). The Steps. Problem Research Hypothesis
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Purpose of the Scientific Method • A systematic way for scientists to investigate and solve problems • Developed by Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
The Steps • Problem • Research • Hypothesis • Experimental Design (Materials & Procedure) • Collect Data • Analysis • Conclusion & Future Research
1. Problem • “What is the effect of IV on DV?” • “How does IV affect DV?” • Asks a testable question
2. Research • Gathers information about ALL variables • Independent: the variable that is manipulated (changed) • Dependent: the variable that is measured (the outcome) • Constant: the variables that must remain the same (this helps decide if the independent variable actually affects the dependent variable)
3. Hypothesis • Written as “If….then….because….” • Prediction of the results • Based on research • Ok if it is wrong! • Testable • Includes IV & DV
EXAMPLE IF the (independent variable) is (increased/decreased), Then the (dependent variable) will (increase/decrease) BECAUSE (insert information about your research that helps you make this prediction).
Example • Example: If plants are given two hours of sunlight a day, then the plants will grow taller because plants require sunlight in order for photosynthesis to occur. IV DV
4. Experimental Design • Complete list of materials • Step by step instructions - detailed so that anyone can recreate
5. Collecting Data • Chart your results in a data table that includes the independent and dependent variables Table 1: The Effect of Additives on the Temperature of Water
6. Analysis • Graph results (line, bar, pie, etc.) • Summarize graph in paragraph form • State major finding (trends, patterns) • Use sentence starters
7. Conclusion & Future Research • Tell whether hypothesis was supported or not and WHY • What problems could have impacted data? • What would you do differently? • Is the data reliable? (refer back to research) • Future research & experiments • Use sentence starters