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Paper One and APA Style Citations

Paper One and APA Style Citations. Psyc 301: Week 8. Outline. Hand in 1 copy of Discussion section Return and go over Introduction section APA Manuscript Sections Group work. Feedback on the Introductions. Make sure to use APA style citations Ex) (Green, 1992)

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Paper One and APA Style Citations

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  1. Paper One and APA Style Citations Psyc 301: Week 8

  2. Outline • Hand in 1 copy of Discussion section • Return and go over Introduction section • APA Manuscript Sections • Group work

  3. Feedback on the Introductions • Make sure to use APA style citations • Ex) (Green, 1992) • Do not overuse the same citation in one paragraph, one citation will do • If you cite a study put it in your references section • Past literature and previous findings should be tied into the current topic • Comment on how a past study demonstrates (or doesn’t) differences in semantic/non-semantic processing • Comment on a study's findings show how repetition impacts recall or encoding • Summary paragraph • Wrap you lit review up by tying all of your ideas/research issues together to lead into the current study and how it addresses these issues

  4. Feedback on the Introduction • We are interested in showing how past studies findings/results (NOT METHODS) provide evidence or support our topic • How do the studies I found support Levels or Processing and Source Recall? • ORGANIZE!!! • Group previous research by topic • Intro needs to progress logically • Title your Paper • Put a creative title centered at the top of your introduction section

  5. Important Considerations • Proofread - print it out and read it as well • APA formatting needs to followed from now on • The information about our experiment needs to be accurate • Avoid direct quotes, if you do you need to follow APA rules • Find additional resources if you feel your paper is lacking • If you are confused about anything, ask for help from classmates or me

  6. Citation References • APA Manual: pgs 207 – 281 • Dunn 2004: pgs 130-150 • Purdue OWL: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/

  7. Citations • Citations appear in two places: • The text of your article • The reference list at the end of your article • It is very very very important that your citations are accurate so as to avoid plagiarism. • In the text of your article you should never include: • first names • institutional affiliations • titles of articles

  8. Articles with One or Two Authors • In text citations: • Johnson and Lindsay (1993) developed the theory of source monitoring. • The theory of source monitoring states… (Johnson and Lindsay, 1993) • Use all names every time for one or two authors.

  9. Articles with Three, Four or Five Authors • Cite ALL authors the first time the reference occurs in a paragraph • In subsequent citations within paragraphs, include only the surname of the first author followed by et al. and the year • Smith, Jones, Doe, and Lee (2005) found… [first citation in text.] • Smith et al. (2005) changed the DRM model by…[Use as subsequent first citation each paragraph thereafter.] • Keep the order in which the authors appear on the original article.

  10. Articles with 6 or more Authors • When a work has six or more authors, cite only the surname of the first author followed by “et al.” and the year. • The reference list contains all initials and surnames of the first six authors, and shorten any remaining authors to et al. NOT!!! Llanos, Alpine, Smith, Shaffer, Sexton, and Richardson (2006) conducted a study … INSTEAD!!! Llanos et al. (2006) conducted a study …

  11. The Reference List • Start a new page, with a page number and your header. • The word “References” is centered on the first line. • Each reference begins on a new line. • Every article you cited in your article must appear here, no exceptions. • Double-space your reference section. • Reference Format: Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C.(2005).Title of article. Title of Periodical,xx(this is the volume number),xxx – xxx(this is the page range). • Only the first letter of the title is capitalized. The title of the periodical and the volume number are italicized. Do not put pp. before the page numbers.

  12. Referencing things other than Journals • Basic Book Format: Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Location: Publisher. • Chapter from a book: Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of publication). Title of chapter. In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pages of chapter). Location: Publisher. • Anything else refer to APA manual, Dunn, or Purdue OWL. Neyhart, D. & Karper, E. (2006). Referece List: Electronic Sources. Retrieved October 11, 2006, from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/08/

  13. The Abstract • One-paragraph summary of the content and purpose of research report. • Should identify: • Research Problem under investigation • Experimental method (including tests and apparatus used) • The findings • Conclusions and implications of the findings • First line is not indented. • It gets its own page (page 2). • Should be about 100-120 words long (about a 10 double-space typewritten lines). • Should always be written last.

  14. Methods: Design • For this paper we will include a new section within our Methods • The Design section • The heading will be italicized just like the other sub sections • What is in it? • What kind of experimental design did we have in this experiment? • 2 level of processing (Semantic, Non-Semantic) x 2 Repetition (Repeated, non-repeated) • The number of participants in each group • Within Subjects Variable: repetition • 2 Levels: repeatd/non repeated • Between Subjects Variable: level of processing • 2 Levels: Semantic/Non Semantic • Where do we put it? • Right after the Materials section is what I suggest, but wherever you feel appropriate

  15. 1) It was expected that processing words semantically would lead to better recall than processing words non-semantically 2) If repetition influenced word recall, then the repeated words would be more successfully recalled The Hypotheses

  16. What We Found… Condition 1 (Desert Island) REPEATED N=8 Mean correct recall: 53.3% Standard Deviation: 0.14 NON-REPEATED N=8 Mean correct recall: 34.2% Standard Deviation: 0.15 Condition 2 (counting vowels) REPEATED N=7 Mean correct recall: 40.9% Standard Deviation: 0.21 NON-REPEATED N=7 Mean correct recall: 15.2% Standard Deviation: 0.06

  17. Results

  18. LOP/Repetition Statistical Analysis • Two Repeated Measures ANOVA’s: • Main effects for each experimental factor • Significant difference by Repetition • F(13,1) = 31.55, p<0.001 • Significant difference by Level of Processing • F(13,1) = 4.60, p<0.05 • What does this mean? • Relate these findings to the means for each condition and the graph on the previous 2 slides • No interaction was found • F(13,1)= 0.67, p=0.43 • What does this mean? • What do these results tell us? In words • this is the conclusion part of results (hint, hint)

  19. Methods • How many participants? • Remeber, one of the factors is within subjects • Consent/ Compensation/ Confidentiality • Materials? • Procedure?

  20. Results • Results • What question are we trying to answer? • What numbers did we come up with? • What statistical analysis did we run? • What did we find? • What does it mean? In words?

  21. How will you be evaluated? • Look at the grade sheet for paper 1!

  22. Additional Resources • http://www.gmu.edu/departments/psychology/writing/samplelabreport.htm • Please don’t copy anything directly from this paper! • Also, I’ll put the comments on your discussion drafts in my mailbox in DK by monday

  23. What is due next week: • Paper 1, which includes: • Page 1: Title Page, APA style • Page 2: Abstract • Pages 3 – X: Introduction, Method (Participants, Materials, Design, Procedure), Results, Discussion, Figures or Tables, Appendices • Page X + 1: References (at least 4) • Bring two (2) copies of the final paper • One MUST have the grade sheet stapled to it • Bring copies of the abstracts of the referenced articles you used • Ones you marked up or fresh copies • This is to guard against plagiarism • Attach these AFTER the references page, which should be in APA style

  24. Discussion Workshop • Please form groups of three to four. • Meet with your fellow students to review the discussion section of the paper. • You should each read two other discussion sections and give your classmates written feedback. • You should have two of your classmates read your discussion section and give you written feedback. • I will be available to discuss challenges you are facing with the discussion section or the paper as a whole.

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