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Chapter 12&13 The Twenties

Chapter 12&13 The Twenties. Section 1 A Republican Decade. The Russian Revolution. Reds vs. Whites the U.S.joined with some of the Allies in sending troops to Russia Reds under Lenin won communist system.

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Chapter 12&13 The Twenties

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  1. Chapter 12&13The Twenties Section 1 A Republican Decade

  2. The Russian Revolution • Reds vs. Whites • the U.S.joined with some of the Allies in sending troops to Russia • Reds under Lenin won • communist system

  3. panic called The Red Scare swept US in 1919-20 • caused by strikes and communist revolutions abroad • fear of foreigners (xenophobia) • press contributed to Red Scare

  4. Schenck v U.S. (1919) • Sup. Ct. Justice, Oliver Wendall Holmes, Jr. said the govt can restrict the 1st Amend. right to free speech in time of war

  5. Schenck v U.S. (1919) • constitutional rights are not absolute • “clear and present danger” • fire in a crowded theater

  6. Palmer Raids • Att. Gen.- A. Mitchell Palmer

  7. Palmer Raids • prompted by bombings in cities • Palmer Raids resulted in the arrests of several thousand suspected communist

  8. Sacco and Vanzetti • Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti accused of murder/robbery trial We’re innocent! It was OJ

  9. Sacco and Vanzetti • S. and V. were convicted and executed • Judge Thayer /fair trial? • worldwide attention

  10. give me your tired .... • 1920s, increase of nativism and intolerance • Immigration Acts of 1921 and 1924set quotas on immigration from certain areas of Europe, Asia, and Africa

  11. labor unrest • labor unrest- in midst of Red Scare • many strikes

  12. labor unrest • Boston Police Strike • Steel Strike (Gary, IN) • Coal Strike

  13. labor unrest • Boston Police Strike of 1919: Calvin Coolidge sent the National Guard into Boston after striking police officers were fired

  14. “There is no right to strike against the public safety by anybody, anywhere, anytime.”- Coolidge

  15. labor unrest • many saw strikes as anti-American

  16. union movement weakened in the 1920s because •  overall wage rates rose steadily in the 1920s • the older craft-based pattern of union organization was ill-suited to the new mass-production industries • management was hostile to labor organizing labor unrest

  17. 3 Republicans held the presidency in the ‘20s • pro big business and rejected Progressive Era reforms • Dem. split between rural & urban

  18. Warren G. Harding • Harding won in 1920 • “return to normalcy” • wanted to reduce the role of the govt. in the economy

  19. Warren G. Harding Republican Formula • lower government spending • higher tariffs • lower taxes

  20. Warren G. Harding • some bright officers named to Cabinet • but also named, “The Poker Cabinet”

  21. Warren G. Harding • scandals • Teapot Dome Affair • Secretary of the Interior Albert Fall sold government oil leases for personal gain • 1st cabinet officer to go to prison

  22. Warren G. Harding Isolationism • Harding pushed for isolationism • U.S. did not join the League but… • he supported disarmament

  23. 1921, Harding convened the Washington Naval Conf. • several nations agreed to limit size of navies

  24. Warren G. Harding • Harding fell ill & died in 1923

  25. Keep Cool With Coolidge • upon Harding’s death, Calvin Coolidge became Pres.

  26. Calvin Coolidge • pro business • conservative appointments

  27. Calvin Coolidge • Coolidge won in 1924

  28. laissez faire • The business of government is business! • under President Coolidge, the American stock market grew in value

  29. Sec. of Treas.- Andrew Mellon • cut taxes on corporations and the wealthy

  30. Foreign Policy • US bus. expanded into Latin Am. • US controlled financial policies of most Latin Am. countries

  31. Foreign Policy • 1927, US Marines sent into Nicaragua to put down rebellion led by Augusto Sandino

  32. Cal in 1928, “I choose not to run.”

  33. Herbert Hoover • Hoover elected 1928 • Hoover had been Sec. of Commerce under Harding and Coolidge

  34. Ch. 11 Sec. 2 ABusiness Boom

  35. 1920s, the US developed a consumer economy • characterized by increased consumer borrowing and spending • installment plans

  36. industrial production from heavy industry to consumer goods and services

  37. new electric products • General Electric • vacuums, coffee pots, sewing machines, irons, ovens, toasters

  38. rural America did not experience the prosperity of the cities • farmers suffered an economic downturn

  39. the depressed situation of American agriculture was chiefly caused by mechanization, rising production costs, and overproduction

  40. HENRY FORD • most important new industry was automobile manufacturing • Ford was the leader

  41. Henry Ford

  42. Ford used the assembly line to produce more cars cheaper • built half the worlds’ cars (1907-1926) one every 24 seconds

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