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Air Pollution Control Update 10/14/11 Air & Waste Management Association

An update on air pollution control measures in New Jersey, with a focus on mobile sources and air toxics, including diesel. The progress made in reducing fine particulate matter and greenhouse gas emissions is highlighted, along with the challenges of meeting NAAQS standards for ozone, NO2, and SO2.

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Air Pollution Control Update 10/14/11 Air & Waste Management Association

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  1. Air Pollution Control Update10/14/11Air & Waste Management Association William O’Sullivan, P.E. Director, Division of Air Quality NJ Department of Environmental Protection

  2. Air Pollution Challenges 2012 • Mobile Sources • Air Toxics (especially diesel) focus on disproportionate impacts. • Ozone • NO2/SO2 1 hour NAAQS • Fine Particulates – continued progress • GHG – BACT/High Efficiency 6. Mobile Sources

  3. NAAQS Exceeded on 31 days during this period

  4. New Jersey State Implementation Plan (SIP) Status • Ozone • 0.08 ppm • USEPA approved RFP, RACM, Conformity, RACT and Control Measures; • USEPA proposed disapproval of the attainment demonstration May 2009; • NJ’s Northern NAA: NJ has requested a Clean Data Determination; • NJ’s Southern NAA: NJ received a 1 year extension of the 2009 attainment date. • 0.075 ppm • NJ submitted designation recommendations April 1, 2009; • NJ recommended either a larger multi-state NAA, or the same as the 0.08 ppm NAAs; • EPA put them on hold pending the ozone reconsideration, but is now moving forward with implementation. • PM2.5 • 15 μg/m3 annual • NJ submitted a final SIP March 2009. We are waiting for EPA action; • EPA promulgated a Clean Data Determination for NJ’s Northern NAA; • We expect EPA to propose a Clean Data Determination for NJ’s Southern NAA; • 35 μg/m3 24-hour • NJ will request a CDD from the USEPA for both NAA’s. • Regional Haze • Submitted Jul 28, 2009, submitted BART portion in 2011, EPA has proposed APPROVAL on August 11, 2011.

  5. Updated 9/29/2011, Judy Rand

  6. Overview of New 1-hour NAAQS 1-hr NO2 = 100 ppb (189 ug/m3) • Effective on April 12, 2010 • Based on 98th percentile of annual distribution of daily max. 1-hr values 1-hr SO2 = 75 ppb (196 ug/m3) • Effective on August 23, 2010 • Based on 99th percentile of annual distribution of daily max. 1-hr values

  7. 1-Hour NO2 in New Jersey • Current New Jersey 1-Hour Background Levels - 37% to 67% of NAAQS • EPA and NJDEP guidance memos limit need to model intermittent NOx emissions: • Startup/Shutdown operations • Testing of emergency equipment

  8. 1-Hour NO2 Modeling Conclusions • NO2 1-Hour NAAQS is much more easily violated than the current annual NAAQS • Principal sources of concern: - smaller sources with low stacks, - large sources with large emissions and no NOx control

  9. 1-Hour SO2 in New Jersey • Current New Jersey 1-Hour Background Levels – 18% - 47% of NAAQS • Sources currently burning No. 2 and lighter oil will become negligible after 2016 (Sulfur in Fuel Rule will limit oil to 15 ppm sulfur)

  10. 1-Hour SO2 Modeling Conclusions • SO2 1-Hour NAAQS is much more easily violated than the 3 and 24-Hour NAAQS • Principal sources of concern are older, large sources burning No. 6 oil or coal (in other states)

  11. Columbia Lake NJ Monitor • Data collected since Sept. 23, 2010 • 31 exceedances of the 1-hour SO2 NAAQS recorded from Sept. 23, 2010 to Sept. 15, 2011 • Confirms model predictions of NAAQS violations due to Portland Power Plant

  12. USEPA’s NATA National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment EPA released 2005 NATA in March 2011. (2002 NATA was released to public in June 2009.) NATA is generated for every 3rd year.

  13. Compile emissions inventory for point, nonpoint & mobile sources Dispersion modeling Estimate ambient concentrations for each census tract nationwide Estimate public health risk USEPA’s NATA 2005For 177 air toxics + diesel particulate matter

  14. NJ Facility-Wide Cancer Risk Guidelines

  15. Mobile Sources • Diesel a. Port b. Retrofit Program c. Idling Program d. Inspection and Maintenance • Gasoline a. Inspection and Maintenance

  16. Closed crankcase technology installed on 7,310 school buses. Tailpipe control technology installed on 1,400 garbage trucks. 800 NJ Transit buses underway & almost done. 1,500 commercial transit buses in process. 6,500 other public diesel vehicles and larger off-roads begin retrofit Fall 2011. Diesel Retrofit Program

  17. Other retrofit opportunities • Governor’s Executive Order #60 requires nonroad retrofits on DOT construction projects • Targeted at urban areas • 175 retrofits over 3 years • Evaluation after 3 years before expanding to all projects • Funding from grants and enforcement settlement ($2.5 million) • Builds on NJ Clean Construction efforts underway

  18. Back to School Reminder • 3 minute idling limit for all gasoline and diesel vehicles (this includes school buses and parents).

  19. Diesel I/M Program • ~85,000 heavy-duty diesel trucks are inspected annually at private inspection facilities. • ~11,000 heavy-duty diesel (in & out of state) trucks are inspected by State diesel roadside teams. • Smoke opacity standards were lowered and enforcement began April 2010. • Annual inspections saw a 1% increase in emission failures • Roadside inspections saw a 10% increase in emission failures Opacimeter in stack

  20. NJ has about 5 million gasoline vehicles that require periodic inspection. • 80% of inspections performed at 120 centralized lanes and 20% at over 1,100 decentralized garages. • Almost 3 million inspections per year. • Overall initial failure rate is 12%. • 96% of vehicle owners show up for inspection on time and/or have a valid inspection sticker.

  21. New Jersey’s Inspection & Maintenance (I/M) Program was revised in early 2010 • On Board Diagnostics (OBD) test for all 1996 and newer cars including light-duty diesels • Dynamometer-based emissions test replaced with two-speed idle emission test for pre-1996 cars

  22. Future I/M program designs will focus on the use of On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) for all vehicles including heavy-duty diesel. • The use of advanced OBD inspection technologies will enable future I/M programs to become more cost-effective by reducing inspection costs while focusing on the “M”, i.e., maintenance side of I/M to maximize emission reductions.

  23. New Jersey’s Low Emission Vehicle (LEV) Program • Adopted by DEP in 2005, became mandatory in January 2009 • Light-duty vehicles sold in NJ must meet California emission limits; • The program includes emission standards for NMOG, NOx, CO, and Greenhouse Gases(CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs) • The Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) requirement promotes advanced technologies such as Battery Electric, Fuel Cell Electric, Plug-In Hybrids and Hybrid Electric Vehicles

  24. LEV Program Metrics:Cleaner Vehicles Sold in NJ • PZEVs Partial Zero Emission Vehicles, ultra-low emitting , AT PZEVs are Hybrid-Electrics; sales has increased to about 26% in 2009/2010; • 15 years / 150,000 miles warranty, 10 years on battery • Placed in NJ: 110 BMW BEV Mini-E, 30+ full range electric Tesla vehicles; Nissan Leaf and PHEV Chevrolet Volt are coming too

  25. Stationary Sources • OTC Regional Control Strategies • General Permits • Transformation • ISG

  26. NOx Sources: Model Rules/MOUs: EGU’s (Oil and Gas-fired Boilers)* High Electric Demand Day (HEDD) Turbines* New Small Boilers Stationary Generators Draft Model Rules: 5. Non-Road Equipment Idling* 6. Natural Gas Compressor Stations Categories Under Review: 7. Municipal Waste Incinerators 8. Promote Energy Efficiency/ Renewable Energy 9. Coal-fired Boilers (EPA) VOC Sources: Model Rules/MOUs: Large VOC Stationary Storage Tanks* Autobody Refinishing Consumer Products Architectural/Industrial Coatings Draft Model Rules: Solvent Cleaning (Industrial/Commercial) Paint Thinners (Consumer) Category Under Review: 7. Stage 1 and 2 Vapor Recovery OTC Regional Control Strategies *Existing NJ Rule Equivalent to Model Already Adopted

  27. General Permits/ General Operating Permits Under Development

  28. TRANSFORMATION Air Permit Review & Process

  29. ITEMS DISCUSSED • Permit Format • Streamlining of Compliance Plans • Level of monitoring • Level of monitoring as it relates to enforcement history • Permit application supplemental information • Redefining insignificant sources in NJ Title V program

  30. ITEMS DISCUSSED • Hold on-site pre/post application meetings • Offer Plant-wide Applicability Limits (PAL) • Develop General Operating Permits • Shortening Permit Processing Time • Classify More significant Modifications as Minor Modifications • Like-kind Replacement of Equipment • Minimize the number of appeals

  31. IMPLEMENTATION • General Permits (GPs & GOPs) • Combined Heat & Power (Engines & Turbines) – Available 9/19/11 • Emergency Generators GOP – in progress • Pre-application Checklists – in progress • Administrative & Technical Completeness • Pre-application Meetings – on-going • On-site if necessary

  32. PERMIT PROCESS - LEAN • Produced results in manufacturing industry • Identified OP Sig. Mod. Process • Review Process Fairly Efficient Overall • Info Requests Throughout Rev. Process • Due To Application Incompleteness • Missing/Incomplete Info Identified Late in Review Process • Moving Completeness Review To Front of Review Process Will Improve Efficiency

  33. PILOT PROJECT • Six-month Project (OP Sig. Mods initially) • Pre-application Meetings • On-site if necessary • Completeness Checklists • Rule Applicability/Compliance Demonstrations • Process Description/Air Flow Diagram • Emission Calculations/Supporting Documentation • Need for Modeling/Risk Assessment • Level of Public Interest & Outreach • Full Applicant Cooperation

  34. Air Permitting/ Industrial Stakeholders Group (AP/ISG) • Open to anyone with an interest in AQ Permits. • Composed primarily of DEP AQ permitting staff, DEP AQ enforcement staff and representatives of regulated industries, and other parties interested in Air Permitting • The group meets quarterly to discuss ways of: • promoting effective and consistent permits • that are protective of the environment • consider the concerns of the regulated community. • Most recent meeting held on September 16, 2011 • Materials on past and future meeting can be found at http://www.state.nj.us/dep/aqpp/isg.html

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