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Social Cohesion

Social Cohesion. Emile Durkhiem. Emile Durkhiem. Makes the divide permanent between sociology and psychology Collective conscience Studies suicide. Collective Conscience . The moral and ethical code that holds every society together Why is this important?

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Social Cohesion

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  1. Social Cohesion Emile Durkhiem

  2. Emile Durkhiem • Makes the divide permanent between sociology and psychology • Collective conscience • Studies suicide

  3. Collective Conscience • The moral and ethical code that holds every society together • Why is this important? • Where does the collective conscience come from? • People HAVE to have a sense of trust in order to even consider forming a society • As that ‘trust’ grows so does the basis of the collective conscience

  4. How can we “see” the collective conscience at VSU?

  5. Changing of the collective conscience….. Stage #1 Society based on mechanical solidarity • Primitive society • Based on repressive law • Little or no job specialization • High amount of religion

  6. Stage #2- Organic Solidarity • Society based on organic solidarity • Most advanced type of society • Based on • Restitutive law • High degree of job specialization • Society based on science and industry (not religion)

  7. How does society move from mechanical solidarity to organic solidarity? • Increase in a division of labor • Increase in individual freedom • Because of increase in science

  8. Durkheim and Suicide • Caused the divide between sociology and psychology • Studied suicide rates per 100,000 people in Germany, France, and a disputed territory between them • Used coroner’s notes and suicide notes to classify the person’s behavior into his sociological categories

  9. Suicide suicide is all causes of death resulting directly or indirectly from a positive or negative act of the victim which he or she knows will produce this effect • Positive suicide- doing something to die • Negative suicide- not doing something that causes death

  10. Variable 1: • How INTEGRATED into the collective conscience was the individual • Integrated in Sociology - of or pertaining to a group or society whose members interact on the basis of commonly held norms or values. • 2 types of suicide fall under this

  11. Type 1. Egoistic Suicide • Low level of integration into the collective conscience • Example: most typical teen suicides

  12. Type 2. Altruistic • High level of integration into the collective conscience • Examples: • Suttee in India • Kamikaze pilots in WWII • 9/11 terrorists from the terrorist’s perspective

  13. Variable 2 • How REGULATED by the collective conscience was the individual? • Two types of suicide

  14. Type 1: Anomic Suicide • Low level of regulation by the collective conscience • Examples • Widow/widower- generally the surviving spouse will be dead in 18 months (1.5 years) or less. • Lottery winner

  15. Type 2: Fatalistic Suicide • High level of regulation by the collective conscience • Examples • Prisoner with life without parole • Holocaust camp prisoner on a hunger strike

  16. Suicide Across the “Board” • Gender • Religion • Country

  17. Durkheim and Religion Totemic principle • Australian aboriginal tribes • All human religious expression was intrinsically founded in relationship to the group from which it emerges • Sacred-religious • Profane- not religious • Totem- any religious symbol

  18. Questions?

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