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STEM Faculty from Underrepresented Groups at MSI and TWI Institutions: are their lives different?

STEM Faculty from Underrepresented Groups at MSI and TWI Institutions: are their lives different?. Muriel Poston, Ph.D. Dean of the Faculty and Professor, Biology Department Skidmore College. STEM Faculty from Underrepresented Groups.

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STEM Faculty from Underrepresented Groups at MSI and TWI Institutions: are their lives different?

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  1. STEM Faculty from Underrepresented Groups at MSI and TWI Institutions: are their lives different? Muriel Poston, Ph.D. Dean of the Faculty and Professor, Biology Department Skidmore College

  2. STEM Faculty from Underrepresented Groups • Changes in doctoral degree recipients over the last several decades • Changes in faculty demographics • Changes in Faculty work

  3. Doctoral degrees awarded in S&E and non-S&E fields to U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by sex: 1989–2008

  4. STEM Faculty from Underrepresented Groups • Concurrent with the changes in doctoral degree recipients have been changes in faculty composition • Increasing number of female faculty • Differential representation in institutional types by gender

  5. Doctoral degrees awarded in S&E fields to minority U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by sex and race/ethnicity: 1989–2008

  6. National Science Foundation Division of Science Resources Statistics Racial/ethnic and gender shares of doctoral degrees to U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by field: 2007 Percent 60 All fields 50 STEM 40 Education 30 Health 20 Other non- 10 STEM 0 URM men Asian Asian White White URM women men women men women URM = underrepresented minority. Notes: Underrepresented minority includes Blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians/Alaska Natives. Asian includes Pacific Islander. Racial/ethnic groups refer to U.S. citizens and permanent residents only. Source: National Center for Education Statistics, IPEDS Completions Survey, 2007. 14

  7. National Science Foundation Division of Science Resources Statistics Racial/ethnic and gender shares of STEM doctoral degrees to U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by field: 2007 Percent 60 Engineering 50 Physical 40 sciences 30 Biological sciences 20 Social sciences 10 0 Asian men White URM URM men Asian White men women women women URM = underrepresented minority. Notes: Underrepresented minority includes Blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians/Alaska Natives. Physical sciences includes mathematics, computer sciences, and earth, atmospheric and ocean sciences. Biological sciences includes agricultural sciences. Social sciences includes psychology. Source: National Center for Education Statistics, IPEDS Completions Survey, 2007. 17

  8. Within all racial/ethnic groups, women have almost reached parity or receive a higher proportion of degrees in biological and social sciences Within all racial/ethnic groups, women continue to lag behind men in degree attainment in engineering and the physical sciences STEM Faculty from Underrepresented Groups

  9. AAUP: Trends in Faculty Status, 1975-2003 (all institutions, national totals) 19751995          2003 FT Tenured: 227,381 (36.5%)  284,870 (30.6%)  282,429 (24.1%) FT Ten Track: 126,300 (20.3%)  110,311 (11.8%)  128,602 (11.0%) FT Non-Track:80,883 (13.0%)  155,641 (16.7%)   219,388 (18.7%) Pt Time: 188,000 (30.2%)  380,884 (40.9%)  543,137 (46.3%) (Contingent: 65.0%) Total: 622,564 (100%)  931,706 (100%)  1,173,556 (100.0%) Source: US Department of Education, IPEDS Fall Staff Survey; EEOC, EEO-6 SurveyCompiled by AAUP Research Office, Washington, DC; John W. Curtis, Director Of Research (5/05)

  10. Proportion of FT Faculty at all Degree granting institutions: 2009 • Gender: • 57% men 43% women • Race/ethnicity: • White: 75.6% Black: 5.4% Am. Indian: 0.5% • Hispanic: 3.8% Asian: 8.2% NR alien: 4.2% NCES: Employees in Postsecondary Institutions, Fall 2009

  11. National Science Foundation Division of Science Resources Statistics Doctoral science and engineering faculty, by sex and race/ethnicity: 2006 White women 22% Asian men Asian women 9% 3% Black men 2% Black women 1% Hispanic men 2% Hispanic women 1% Other men 1% Other women White men 0% 59% Source: National Science Foundation, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2006. Note: Other includes American Indians/Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians/other Pacific Islanders and multiple race/ethnicity. 7

  12. In the 21st century women have a higher participation rate in higher education than men Women doctoral degree recipients in non-S&E fields have exceed men over the last two decades Women doctoral degree recipients in S&E fields have continued to increase over the same period but have yet to reach parity with men STEM Faculty from Underrepresented Groups

  13. Blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians/Alaska Natives are underrepresented in STEM disciplines URM women are a smaller percentage of STEM graduates than Whites or Asians and less likely to be employed in STEM fields Asian and White women earn a higher percentage of degrees in STEM than URM women, BUT at a lower percentage than Asian or White men STEM Faculty from Underrepresented Groups

  14. Changes in Academic Employment for Women • 1973: • 9% of all academic S&E employment • 7% of full time faculty • 2006: • 30% of all academic S&E employment • 33% of full time faculty NSF 08-303: Science Resources Statistics

  15. Doctoral science and engineering faculty, by sex and Carnegie classification of employer: 2003

  16. Proportion of female faculty in tenured or tenure-track S&E positions (2006) • 28% of all full time T/TT positions • 42% at rank of Asst. Professor/Instructor • 34% at rank of Associate Professor • 19% at rank of Full Professor • Life Sciences • 32.3% of T/TT positions • 26.2% of Full Professors NSF 08-303: Science Resources Statistics

  17. Comparison of female faculty in tenured or tenure-track S&E positions • Research Universities: • 22.9% T/TT • 15.6% Full Professors • Liberal Arts Colleges • 27.1% T/TT • 15.8% Full Professors NSF 08-303: Science Resources Statistics

  18. Men Full Professor 22.2% Assoc. Professor 16% Asst. Professor 15.1% Lecturer 0.7% Women Full Professor 10.4% Assoc. Professor 12.8% Asst. Professor 15.9% Lecturer 1.0% AAUP Faculty Distribution by Rank at Liberal Arts Colleges AAUP Salary Survey 2007-08

  19. Men Full Professor $95,724 Assoc. Professor $70,034 Asst. Professor $57,179 Lecturer $47,930 Women Full Professor $91,360 Assoc. Professor $68,970 Asst. Professor $56,092 Lecturer $47,438 AAUP Faculty Salary Comparison for Liberal Arts Colleges AAUP Salary Survey 2007-08

  20. Women as a percentage of S&E doctoral degrees, full-time full professors, and full-timetenure-track faculty: 2006

  21. Science and engineering doctorate holders employed in 4-year colleges or universities whoare women, by type of position: 2006

  22. Structural Barriers that affect the multiple identities of faculty of color in STEM disciplines: Degree attainment Glass ceiling Mentoring/Role Models Balancing Faculty Roles: Teaching, Research, Service Work/Family STEM Faculty from Underrepresented Groups

  23. STEM FacultyFrom Underrepresented Groups • Work/Life Balance: • Partner Accommodation • Stop-the-clock • Progression through rank

  24. STEM FacultyFrom Underrepresented Groups • Current Challenges in Faculty Work • Pedagogical Innovation to enhance student engagement • Increased student demand for High Impact Experiences: • Undergraduate research • Credit bearing internships • Increasing institutional service and research administrative responsibility

  25. STEM Faculty from Underrepresented Groups • Demographics of student populations are changing • Increasing Female student populations • Increasing Students of Color

  26. U.S. population 18–24 years old, by race/ethnicity: July 1990–99 and projections to 2050

  27. Bachelor’s degrees awarded in S&E andnon-S&E fields, by sex: 1966–2004

  28. Bachelor’s degrees awarded to racial/ethnic groups in S&E fields: 2004

  29. STEM Faculty from Underrepresented Groups • Students from URG have a higher representation in MSIs: • 32% of degree granting institutions are MSIs • 58% of students from URG enrolled in MSIs • Higher proportion of MSIs are open admission

  30. STEM Faculty from Underrepresented Groups • Within each racial/ethnic group, the top baccalaureate granting schools for men and women are mostly the same schools • For Hispanic men and women, the top degree granting schools are largely in Puerto Rico, California, Texas, and Florida—states with large populations of Hispanics • For Black men and women, the top degree granting schools are Black non-HBCUs and HBCUs • For American Indians/Alaska natives, the top degree granting schools are largely in Oklahoma, Arizona and other states with large American Indian/Alaska Native population. One is a tribal college

  31. STEM Faculty from Underrepresented Groups • Structural Barriers that affect faculty at MSIs • Mentoring/Role Models • Balancing Faculty Roles: • Teaching, Research, Service • Institutional Infrastructure • Work/Family

  32. STEM Faculty from Underrepresented Groups • NSF can facilitate capacity building for STEM faculty from URG • Institutional Transformation • Faculty Development: • Research Support • Curriculum and Pedagogy Support • Infrastructure Support • Enhance opportunities for students from URG

  33. Thank you! Questions? Contact: mposton@skidmore.edu

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