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Lecture 3

Minorities and WWII. Lecture 3. Standard 11.8.3. Identify the role and sacrifices of individual American soldiers, as well as the unique contributions of the special fighting forces (e.g., the Tuskegee Airmen, the 442nd Regimental Combat team, the Navajo Codetalkers).

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Lecture 3

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  1. Minorities and WWII Lecture 3

  2. Standard 11.8.3 • Identify the role and sacrifices of individual American soldiers, as well as the unique contributions of the special fighting forces (e.g., the Tuskegee Airmen, the 442nd Regimental Combat team, the Navajo Codetalkers). • Essential Question: Do you think that the government should pay reparations to people? • Japanese-Americans • Native Americans • African Americans

  3. Japanese Americans • Executive Order #9066, 1942 • German and Italian immigrants held in camps • released • 100,000 Japanese immigrants and Japanese-Americans were detained • Korematsu vs. United States, 1944 • the Supreme Court upheld the law • “pressing public necessity” • battle between personal freedom and national security

  4. Japanese Americans • 442nd Regimental Combat Team • a segregated unit fought in Italy and became the most decorated unit in American history • about 6,000 Nisei served as translators and interrogators • the precursor to the CIA used them for spy missions

  5. African Americans • A. Phillip Randolph • labor leader who got the first major labor contract with a black union in 1937 • organized a massive march on DC • FDR’s discrimination in the military and government jobs • Executive Order #8802, 1940 • assured fair hiring for all government jobs

  6. African Americans • Congress of Racial Equality, 1942 • non-violent protest to fight segregation in the South • James Farmar included blacks and whites in this northern organization • foundation of the civil rights movement in the 1960s • Tuskegee Airmen • Tuskegee was a college founded by Booker T. Washington • this segregated black fighter squadron flew 1500 escort missions and never lost a single bomber

  7. Mexican Americans • bracero program • the US recruited 100,000s of Mexican workers to come and farm as guest workers • the program ended in 1964 • following the war many stayed and many were forced out

  8. Mexican Americans • Zoot Suit Riots, 1943 • a fight between off-duty sailors and Mexicans teens in LA escalated • fighting occurred over seven days • the zoot suit was seen as a waste of resources • LA banned wearing zoot suits to keep peace in the city

  9. Women • Women’s Army Corps (WAC) • 350,000 women in the military • the navy had WAVES • women largely filled clerical (office) and nursing positions • women also drove trucks, taught classes, and did lab work • this freed up men to fight • 57,000 nurses went to war

  10. Women • Rosie the Riveter • symbol of the working woman • 6 million went to work (3/4 of all women) • the government spent $50 million to build 3,000 day cares • long-term this opened up more job opportunities for women

  11. The Holocaust • America’s Response to the Holocaust • the US held to its immigration quotas • the Holocaust got little attention in the news • military resources were not used to destroy rail lines to the camps • Israel

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