Introduction Radiative Constants of Hg I States Radiative Constants of Hg II States

1. RADITIVE CONSTANTS OF HgI, HgII and HgIII SPECTRAKiril BlagoevInstitute of Solid State Physics, Sofia, BULGARIA

2. Introduction • Radiative Constants of Hg I States • Radiative Constants of Hg II States • Radiative Constants of Hg III States • Conclusion

3. Experimental methods for lifetime and transition probabilities determination • Lifetimes • - time evolution of the population • + Beam foil/laser • + time resolved method • ++ electron excitation • ++ laser excitation ( LIF) • Width of the excited states • + Hanle method Transition probabilities – Branching ratio I = 1/Aik Aik = (1/i)(Ii/Ij)

4. Nd:YAG laser (B) Dye laser KDP BBO SBS compressor Trigger Side view Delay generator Ablation laser Nd:YAG laser (A) Helmholtz coil Computer Rotating Zr target Trigger Top view MCP PMT Transient Digitizer Monochromator Lund Laser Centre – Time Resolved Laser Induced Fluorescence Equipment

5. LIF Signal from ZrIII Excited State

6. Vacuum system Electron gun MONOCHROMATOR PMT Amplifier Start Stop Generator Time - to - Amplitude Converter Amplitude Analyzer Experimental set-up for delayed coincidence method – electron excitation t2 t1

7. Deacay curve of the HgII 7p2P1/2 state

8. Madrid University – LIBS Equipment

9. LIBS Spectrum of Ag II

10. Grotrian diagram of HgI

11. Table 1. Radiative Lifetimes of np1P states of HgI(ns). 1. K. Blagoev et al proc. SPIE, v. 5256,164(2002); 2. G. C. King et al J. Phys. B B8, 365(1975); 3. W. J. Alford et al Phys. Rev A36, 641(1987); 4. E. H. Pinnington et al Canadian J of Physics, 66, 960(1988); 5. T. Anderson et al JQSRT 13,369(1973); 6. P. Hafner et al J. Phys. B 11, 2975(1978)

12. Table 2. Radiative Lifetimes of n3P states of HgI(ns). • 1. K. Blagoev et al Proc SPIE,v5226, 164(2002), Proc. EGAS34,186(2002) 2. E. Alipieva et al Opt. Sprctr. 43,529(1977); 3. W. J. Alford et al Phys. Rev A36, 641(1987); 4. P. Hafner et al J. Phys. B 11, 2975(1978)

13. Table . Radiative lifetimes of Beutler states of HgI (ns) • K.Blagoev et al Proc. SPIE, v4397, p. 256(20010; • G. Goullet et al, C. R. Acad. Paris 259, 93(1964); • W. J. Alford et al Phys. Rev A36, 641(1987)

14. Table Transition probabilities in HgI (108 s-1). 1. E. C. Benck et al, JOSA B6(1), 11(1989) 2. E. R. Mosburg et al, J. Q. S. R. T. 19, 69(1978) 3. W. L. Wiese and G. A. Martin, Wavelengths and transition probabilities for atoms and atomic ions Part II(NIST -1980) 4. R. Payling et al Optical Emission Lines of the Elements (John Wiley&Son LTD, 2000) 5. A. Smith et al Phys. Rev,A33, 3172(1986)

15. Introduction • Radiative Constants of Hg I States • Radiative Constants of Hg II States • Radiative Constants of Hg III States • Conclusion

16. Grotrian Diagram of HgII - 5d10nl States

17. Grotrian Diagram of HgII – 5d10nl and 5d96s6p States

18. Table Radiative Lifetimes of 5d10nl States of Hg II (ns) 1. K. B. Blagoev et al Phys. Rev A13,4683(1988); 2. T. Anderson et al , JQSRT 16, 521(1976); 3. E. H. Pinnington et al Canadian J of Physics, 66, 960(1988); 4. S. J. Maniak et al Phys. Lett. A182, 114(1993)

19. Dependence of radiative Lifetimes vs effective principal quantum number (n*) for ns2S, np2P, nd2D, nf2F and ng2G series of HgII. K. B. Blagoev et al Phys. Rev A13,4683(1988);

20. Table Radiative Lifetimes of 5d96s6p States of HgII 1.K. Blagoev et al Phys. Lett A106, 249(1984), A117, 185(1986); 2. A. Calamai et al Phys. Rev A42, 5425(1990) 3. T. Brage et al , The Astrph. J. 513, 524(1999)

21. Table Transition Probabilities in Hg II spectrum (108 sec-1) [1. R. Payling et al Optical Emission Lines of the Elements (John Wiley&Son LTD, 2000); 2. C. Sansonetti and J. Reader Physica Scripta 63,219(2001); 3. J. Migdalek, Can. J. Phys. 54, 2272(1978); 4. E. Pininngton et al, Can. J Phys. 66, 960(1988), 5. W. M. Itano et al, Phys. Rev. A59,2732(1987)

22. Introduction • Radiative Constants of Hg I States • Radiative Constants of Hg II States • Radiative Constants of Hg III States • Conclusion

23. Grotrian Diagram of Hg III

24. Table Radiative lifetimes (ns) and transition probabilities(105s-1) in HgIII K. Blagoev et al Phys. Lett A117, 185(1986); A118,232(1986)

25. Table Radiative Lifetimes of 5d96p states of HgIII(ns) D. J. Beideck et al Phys. Rev. A47, 884(1993)

26. Excitation functions of HgIII 5d86s2 – 5d96p spectral lines

27. Excitation functions of HgIII 5d86s2 – 5d96p spectral lines HgI(5d106s2) + e  (Hg2+) 5d86s2+ 3e, HgI(5p65d106s2 ) + e  (Hg+)** (5p55d10 6s2 )+ 2e  (Hg2+)*5d65d86s2 +3e “ionization” “autoionization”

28. E,eV (Hg+)** 5p55d106s2, 72 eV Hg2+ 5d86s2, 1G4 (44.7 eV) 4797Å Hg2+5d96p 3F3 Hg2+ 5d101S0 -18.7eV eV Hg+ 5d106s 2S1/2 10.4eV Hg I 5d106s21S0

29. CONCLUSION • The most accurate values for transition probabilities have been obtained by Branching Ratio and normalising them by excited state lifetimes observed by Laser Induced Fluorescence. • One has to be careful when the different sets of data from different papers are used. • In some cases, due to the cancellation effects or strong electron configuration mixing the real transition probabilities or radiative lifetimes could differ considerably from calculated one. • If there are some difficulties or suspicious of choosing the best set of data it is better to ask colleagues from WG “Fundamental data“.

30. Table Radiative Lifetimes of nd States of HgI(ns) 1. K. Blagoev et al, Physica Scripta 60,32(1999);E.Phys. J, D13,159(2001); 2. K. Blagoev et al Phys. Rev. A66,032509(2002), 4. E. C. Benck et al, JOSA B6(1), 11(1989), 5. E. Pinnington et al, Can. J Phys. 66, 960(1988);6. M. Darrach et al, JQSRT 36,483(1986); 7. P. Hafner et al J. Phys. B 11, 2975(1978)

31. Table 1. Radiative Lifetimes of ns States of HgI (ns). 1. K. Blagoev et al Phys. Rev. A66,032509(2002), 2. G. C. King et al, J. Phys. B8,653(1975); 3. F. Faisol et al J. Phys. B13, 2027(1980); 4. E. C. Benck et al, JOSA B6(1), 11(1989); 5. P. Hafner et al J. Phys. B 11, 2975(1978)

32. Table Electron impact cross sections for 5d86s2 States of HgIII(10-18cm2) K. Blagoev et al Phys. Lett A118,232(1986)