Design, Selection and U utilization of Media

1. Sultan Qaboos University Design, Selection and Uutilization of Media By Alaa Sadik, Ph.D. Visiting Consultant Department of Instructional Technology College of Education asadik@squ.edu.om freewebs.com/alaasadik .

2. PART ONEMedia, Technology & Learning

3. Types of Instructional MediaText, image & audio

4. Text (words, numbers, signs, symbols, equations, etc.) The HumanEar The ear consists of three basic parts the outer ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear. Each part of the ear serves a specific purpose in the task of detecting and interpreting sound. ……………………………… ……………………………… ………………………………

5. Image (drawing, graph, photo, map, etc.) The HumanEar

6. Audio (human voice, sound effects, etc.) The HumanEar The human ear consists of ...

7. TheHumanEar Text, Image & Audio The human ear consists of three parts: The outer ear The middle ear The inner ear Listen

8. The New Media Class Hierarchy • Temporal • Static - Computational - Directive (Waters, 1998)

9. Temporal (animation) The HumanEar

10. Temporal (video) Landing The pilot managed to land the airoplane safely

11. Computational (graphs) Auditory Physiology Lab. This figure shows a summary of the maximum efferent mediated adaptation of the DPOAE for 168 intensity combinations of theprimary tones in 0.4 dB steps.

12. Directive (sliders) Define Values Using Sliders

13. Multimedia Transmission that combine different media of communication (text, graphics, audio, animation, video, etc.) End of this point

14. 2. Message Design Communication Process - Sender - Message (to carry the content) - Medium (to carry the message) - Receiver - Domain

15. Media & Experience Dale’s Cone of Experience

16. Dale’s Cone of Experience • Upper levels: • provide more information, • compress information, • faster for those able to process it, • need more instructional support. • Lower levels: • involve the learner as a participant, • encourage active learning, • provide less information, • more stimuli and richer.

17. Dale’s Cone of Experience

18. 3. Media & Technology Attributes - Interactivity- Branching - Realism- Bandwidth

19. Interaction Exchange of information, ideas, opinions between andamong learners and teachers. Usually occurring throughtechnology with the aim offacilitating learning.

20. Types of Interaction - Learner-teacher - Learner-learner- Learner-content- Learner-machine

21. Time of Interaction - Synchronous (time-dependent)- Asynchronous (time-independent)

22. Traditional Media Two-way Media Technology-Mediated Interaction

24. Sequencing design Indexed design Exploration design Branching

25. 4. Selection Criteria of Media & Technology • Objectives are well-defined • Content is clear • Suitable for time and place • Suitable for learner’s ability • Interactive • Reusable • Cost-effective

26. Selection Criteria

27. 5. Level of Technology Use - Informational - Supplemental- Communal - Essential - Immersive

28. PART TWOInstructional Design & Media

29. Instructional Design The structure of an environment to provide learners with conditions that support learning. For whom is the programme being developed? What do you want the learners to learn? How is the subject content or skill best learned? How do you determine the extent to which the learning has been achieved?

30. Instructional Design

31. Instructional Design of Courseware

32. Instructional Design (Dick and Carey, 1996)

33. Instructional Design (Kemp, 1994)

34. Instructional Design ASSURE Model • Analyze learners • State objectives • Select media and materials • Utilize media and materials • Require learner participation • Evaluate and revise

35. ID & Learning Theories Behaviourism Learning is a sequence of stimuli and response actions in the learner. Cognitivism Focus on cognitive processes, such as retention and recall of prior learning. Constructivism Learning is an active process in which the learner builds knowledge and understanding from individual experiences.

36. Constructivism Construction of knowledge depends on: • the interaction between the learner and others in the learning environment. • an active engagement in problem-solving situations.

37. PART THREEUtilization of Media

38. Examples of Digital Media & Technologies - Satellite broadcasting - Video-conferencing - CD-ROMs andDVDs - The Internet and the Web

39. Internet and Web Technologies - Authoring tools - Support tools - Delivery and management systems (DMS)

40. Authoring Tools - For general purposes FrontPage, MM Flash, etc. - For instructional purposes ToolBook Instructor, Authorware, etc.

41. Authoring Tools Gneral FrontPage

42. Authoring Tools Instructional ToolBook Instructor

43. Authoring Tools Instructional ToolBook Instructor

46. Support Tools - Word processors • Photo editors • Drawing tools - Audio/video editors - Web browsers

47. Support Tools Photo editors PaintShop Pro Contains all the tools you need for creating, editing, and retouching your images. It is friendly enough for the casual user and professional.

48. Support Tools Drawing tools SmartDraw Contains all the tools you need for drawing shapes, instructional graphics, maps and flowcharts and export them in standard formats.

49. Support Tools Video editors Pinnacle Studio Contain many tools to edit and produce professional video clips.

50. Support Tools Multimedia authoring Liquid Media Rich multimedia authoring & presentation software package, capable of stunning effects with fluid motion.