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Motion

Motion . Mrs Sedlock Principles of Chemistry and Physics . Motion. How can two people look at an object, and only one see them as moving?. Frame of Reference. Frame of reference – is a system of objects that are not moving with respect to each other. Relative motion.

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Motion

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  1. Motion MrsSedlock Principles of Chemistry and Physics

  2. Motion • How can two people look at an object, and only one see them as moving?

  3. Frame of Reference • Frame of reference – is a system of objects that are not moving with respect to each other

  4. Relative motion • How fast are you moving? • Depends on the frame of reference! • Ex: Imagine our class is on our way to school on a school bus – • Relative to each other – we are not moving • Relative to the surroundings- we are moving

  5. Distance • Distance – is the length of a path between two points • Units : meter (m), kilometer (km), centimeter (cm)

  6. Displacement • Displacement – a straight line from the starting point to the end point • Displacement and distance are not always the same!!!!

  7. Vector • Vector – a quantity that has a magnitude (number representing a size, length or amount) and direction, and is represented by an arrow • The length of the arrow represents the magnitude, the direction the arrow is drawn represents the direction

  8. Vectors • Vectors can be added by combining the vector magnitudes and direction • If the vectors are in the same direction you can add their magnitudes • If the vectors are in opposite directions, you can subtract their magnitudes

  9. Resultant Vectors • The vector that is the result of combining vectors is called the resultant vector

  10. Question… • One person says that the high school is 5 miles from Mountain Creek, another person says the school is 7 miles. Can both people be right?

  11. Comparing distance and displacement activity • Drawing vectors ws

  12. Speed and Velocity

  13. Bobsled • Finding the perfect racing line is the key to bobsledding: The driver struggles with a violently shaking bobsled to keep it on the path that gives the fastest time down the run. In turns, the driver must keep the sled high enough to maintain speed but low enough to avoid going extra distance.

  14. Bobsled

  15. Speed • Speed is the ratio of the distance an object moves to the amount of time the object moves • Measured in meters per second (m/s) • Average speed – calculated for the entire trip • Instantaneous speed – measured at a particular instant

  16. Speed speed (rate) = distance time

  17. Speed Calculation • Ex: The bobseld track at the Sochi Olympics is 1.814 km in length. If a bobsled carries a team of four down the track in 32.51 seconds, how fast is the bobsled traveling? bobsled

  18. Average Speed Calculation Average speed = total distance total time

  19. Average Speed Calculation • Ex. While traveling on vacation, you measure the times and distances traveled. You travel 35 km in 0.4 hour, followed by 53 km in 0.6 hour. What is your average speed? • Total distance = 35 km + 53 km = 88 km • Total time = 0.4 h + 0.6 h = 1.0 h • Average speed = 88 km = 88 km/h 1.0 h

  20. Instantaneous Speed • Your car’s speedometer gives your instantaneous speed- the rate at which an object is moving at a given moment in time

  21. Graphing Motion • Distance-time graph • Distance on the y-axis • Time (in seconds) on the x-axis • The slope of the line on a distance-time graph is speed

  22. Distance-time graph

  23. Distance time graph ws

  24. Velocity • Velocity- a description of both the speed AND direction of a motion- and can be represented as a vector • Two or more velocities can be added by vector addition

  25. Question…. • How can something that is slowing down be accelerating?

  26. Acceleration • Acceleration- the rate at which velocity changes – changes in speed, direction or both – can be represented as a vector

  27. Acceleration calculation • acceleration = Change in velocity time which means….. a = final velocity - starting velocity (v2 - v1) time

  28. Acceleration calculation • if the acceleration is a positive number, the acceleration is increasing (speeding up) • If the acceleration is a negative number, the acceleration is decreasing (slowing down)

  29. Acceleration calculation • My poorly tuned Honda can accelerate from rest to a speed of 28 m/s in 20 seconds. • What is the acceleration of the car?

  30. Acceleration graph • The slope of the line of a velocity – time graph is the acceleration

  31. Acceleration graph

  32. Vocabulary you should know: • Frame of reference • Relative motion • Distance • Vector • Resultant vector • Speed • Average speed • Instantaneous speed • Velocity • Acceleration

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