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Recent Trends of Information Technology in the Social Life of Japan

Recent Trends of Information Technology in the Social Life of Japan. OKADA Naoyuki Professor Emeritus Kyushu Institute of Technology University of Warsaw Aug.27, 2005. Contents. 1. Introduction 2. IT Policy 3. Trends of IT Industry 4. IT in Everyday Life 5. Future of IT

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Recent Trends of Information Technology in the Social Life of Japan

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  1. Recent Trends of Information Technology in the Social Life of Japan OKADA Naoyuki Professor Emeritus Kyushu Institute ofTechnology University of WarsawAug.27, 2005

  2. Contents 1.Introduction 2.IT Policy 3.Trends of IT Industry 4.IT in Everyday Life 5.Future of IT 6.Conclusions

  3. Chapter 1Introduction • History of IT Early ’40s – ’80s: Growing era Birth and growth of computer technology Hardware：　large computer Software：　operating system Database：　large-scale electronic file

  4. Applications - The privilege in constructing a system is given to computers. - The first is efficiency of work.

  5. Since ’90s: Grown-up era Human and computer collaborate each other, composing an information system. Human: adaptive processing, broad & general judgment, friendly treatment Computer: fast & correct processing, narrow & deep judgment, monotonousrepetition

  6. Applications - Human beings are put at the center of an information system. - Computers are introduced to support human beings

  7. The role that Japan played Growing era - Design and manufacture of large-scale computers and word processors - Development of large-scale electronic dictionaries of vocabulary and concepts Grown-up era - Development of network systems - Design and manufacture of mobile devices connected to internet

  8. Current states of Japan Era of chaos or groping - What kind of IT policy should Japan carry out? - Can IT industry revive? - How much do we need IT in everyday life? - How does science contribute to IT? We lack the principle to solve these problems.

  9. Chapter ２　I T Policy • ２．１　Thee-Japantactics The government madea five-year IT plan, “e-Japan tactics” in January 2001 aiming at the most advanced IT country of the world. Key phrases (１) Super-highway network (２) Electronic dealing (３) Electronic government (４) Able persons

  10. Goals of e-Japan tactics Education： to receive a high education in whatever conditions such as geographical, physical or economical one may be. Art&Science: to appreciate artistic or literary works wherever one may be, and to promote the distribution of digital contents. Medical Service： emergent treatment of home-stay patients, or high-quality service of remote place ones

  11. Work：　to do work at one’s home, being released from commuting Life：　to enjoy recent movies, popular TV-programs, or joyful communications with remote families or friends wherever one may be Industry： global dealing whatever the scale of a company may be Administration： to get various public certificates or to report tax payment at one’s home --------

  12. ２．２　Carrying out (１) Super-highway network - Restudy of various regulations of electric and communications business, e.g. assignment of the band of radio-frequency - Improvement of digital divide (2)Electronic dealing - Restudy of the Antitrust Law, or establishment of a new regulation for the protection of privacy

  13. (3)Electronic government - Making the documents of the government/ municipalities electronic files, and processing them with on-line - To open the information of administration or to order public enterprises through the Internet (4) Able persons - To improve the level of information literacy of all the people, and to train IT leaders - To train IT engineers and researchers, and to educates contents creators aiming at the highest level of the world

  14. ２．３　Midterm results The government reported the midterm results in July 2002. (１) Super-highway network - Super-/ordinary highway network connectable for 24 hours Goal： 3０/1０ M(illion) families Result： 34/14 - Connection rate ２，５００ yen/month （the cheapest of the world）

  15. (２) Electronic dealing - Scale of the dealing market Business companies vs business companies Goal: 7 T(rillion) yen Result:3.4 Business companies vs consumers Goal: 300 B(illion) yen Result: 1.5 - Restudy or establishment of related laws The fundamental laws, e.g. rights for intellectual property, have been completed.

  16. (3)Electronic government - Bills making the administrative procedures on-line were introduced in the Diet - Electronic bids were partially introduced for public enterprises (4)Able persons - Training course of information literacy Fundamental: About ５.５M persons Professional: About 1.4K - Internet connection of all the public schools Approximately 40 thousand elementary, middle, and high schools Goal:100% Result: 100%

  17. ２．４　Evaluation - The effort by the government could be recognized． - But the world is making progress year by year. Spread of the Internet Sweden ６５％, Japan ４４％（the 16th place） Electronic dealing market（busi. vs busi.） USA　４０％, Japan １８％（the 2nd place） Plan of I T promotion USA IT-21C,EU eEUROPE-2000

  18. Chapter 3Trends of IT industry • ３．１　Survey of thirty tops’ understanding The Japanese economy is suffering serious deflation now. A survey of the thirty tops’ understanding of the main companies in Japan was carried out at the beginning of 2001. The details：manufacture ８，IT industry 6，financial 5，transportation 3，and others 8

  19. Resultｰoverall Fig.2 Perspective of this year Fig.1Current state From the Yomiuri of Jan. 3, 2003

  20. Result ｰ IT Q.What is the leading industry of Japan after 3 through 5 years？ A.1stI T industry（13 tops） 2ndAutomobile industry(10 -) 3rd Bio-industry(9 -） --------- From The Yomiuri of Jan.3, 2003

  21. ３．２　 Trends of the whole IT industry The details (1) Post (2) Electric&communications (3) Broadcast (4) Software house (5) Information-related service (6) Manufacture of Information&communications device (7) Rent of information&communications device (8) Construction of electric&communications facility (9) Research

  22. T yen Fig.３　Total amount of IT production From the white book 2001 of information&communications by the Ministry of the Management and Coordination 総務省2001年情報通信白書より

  23. T yen Fig.４　Comparison with other industries From the white book 2001 of information&communications by the Ministry of the Management and Coordination

  24. ３．３ Trends of several fields (1) Communications a． ”i-mode” Technology to connect the portable or personal handy-phones to the Internet - Japan took the lead in its development in 1992 - Number of users JapanAbout ３６Ｍ EUAbout ２００K

  25. Menu of i-mode - Weather/news/information - Mobile banking - Bill/card/insurance - Transportation/map/travel - Shopping/ticket - Gourmet - Life - Work/live/learn - Melody/karaoke -----------

  26. b.Broadband Technology of communications circuits transmitting/receiving more than 500K bits per second Note : Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Human speech does not need the high-frequency band of telecommunications lines, which are used for the high-speed data transfer.

  27. (2)Post administration - The Agency of Post Business was transferred from an organization of the government to the Public Corporation in 2003. • Three categories of its business: Post, savings, and insurance - The post was partially released to private enterprises, but the savings and/or the insurance is not yet. When and how much?

  28. (3)Broadcast Digital broadcasts are getting popular. - Digitization makes it possible to improve as several times as high as the quality of images, and - to process the received contents at one’s home．

  29. (4)Information-related industry --- Robot industry - Robot control needs a high-level IT, in particular Artificial Intelligence (AI). - The number of the industry robots working in Japan are 360K approximately, and occupies 43% of the world. - The robots working at home or for welfare are actively being developed.

  30. Chapter 4IT in Everyday Life Several sides affected by IT in everyday life • ４．１　Communications---Telephone (1) Portable phones “i-mode” ：　 mentioned above 　“Sha（写）-mail”：　a kind of e-mail technology that a portable phone can take photographs to attach them to e-mails

  31. - Approximately ２３Ｍ portable phones will spread in Japan at the end of 2003, 1３Ｍ ones of which will be sha-mail. - Recent sha-mail can take moving pictures with sounds - Very popular among youngsters

  32. (2) “ＩＰ phones” A kind of communications technology that a home telephone can be connected to the other by a “protocol” which is used in the Internet. - In Japan, an Internet provider appeared recently whose telephone charge is free if both sides of a call are IP phones.

  33. (3) Others---“Bone-conducting” telephone A kind of telephone used in noisy places or for weak persons in hearing - Pressing its receiver to one’s temple or the rear part of an ear - The vibration of the speech is conducted through skull, internal ear, and eventually brain．

  34. ４．２　Transportation --- ”Car-navi.” ＧＰＳs（Global Positioning Systems）, which identifies one’s position using artificial satellites - Cars equipped with this system were released in the market of Japan in 1990 or so. At the beginning, only the current position was displayed (often with a big error).

  35. - Car-navigation systems today * From an ordinary map presentation to a bird’s eye one * Communications by speech * Root search from the current position to the goal * Offer of sight-seeing information along a root * Offer of traffic information by connecting to a transportation center * E-mails by connecting to the Internet

  36. ４．３　Broadcast --- Digital hi-vision A TV system which transmits/receives digital electric waves to/from the satellite(s) above the equator. - As is called “hi-vision”, its images are clean and minute, because the number of the scanning lines increased from 512to 1,125per picture(frame).

  37. - Big picture： diagonal 32 inches, width 30 inches or so - Very high presence rate sounds by putting five speakers at right and left, and front and rear sides - Both way communications between each TV terminal and the station

  38. ４．４　“Iyashi (healing)”---pet toys The people today suffer various kinds of stress, and so the industry healing them are popular in Japan. (1)Pet robot --- Sony’s ＡＩＢＯ - A walking robot like dog

  39. AIBO’s functions Feelings and instinct: Six kinds of feelings, e.g. joy or anger, and five kinds of instinct, e.g. curiosity or (charge) appetite Learning： Knowledge through experiences Behavior：　Actions suitable for it’s age Sense and recognition:Sensors of light/ sound and recognition of speech/ images

  40. （2）　Dog language translator ---Takara’s Ｂｏｗｌｉｎｇｕａｌ A device which analyses dog’s voice, in particular, voice-prints to translate his/her feelings or mood into human sentences

  41. - Recognition of six kinds of feelings, e.g. pleasure, demand, or threats - Thirty thousand translators were sold in ten days after the sale began. - The “Ig-Nobel Prize” was awarded to this translator by some scientific magazine concerning Harvard University, USA in 2002.

  42. ４．５　Retails --- “Con-veni（Convenience store) Retail stores such as vegetable store, fish shop, hardware store, and tailor’s disappear from downtown local cities recently. Instead, “con-venis” appear here and there, and sell necessary goods for everyday life for twenty-four hours. - There can be found ITs from two points of view.

  43. (1) ManagementConstruction of powerful networks Fig. 5Network systems of con-venis

  44. (2) Goods Collection and delivery center of information - Receipt of post - Administration service, e.g. reservation of public facilities - Delivery of goods sold by the Internet - Banking, e.g. ＡＴＭ - Electronic dealing -----------

  45. Chapter 5Future of Ｉ Ｔ • ５．１　Making ITintelligent - IT of the growing era was centered around computers. Science and technology of computer, communications, and network will be pursued more and more from now, too.

  46. - The grown-up era gives the privilege to the human beings in the construction of information systems. What kind of principle should we have in this era ?

  47. - The Science Council of Japan reported in 1993 that computer science steps towards knowledge science, i.e. referring to the human intelligence. - So is IT, and the computer models of the mind gain more and more in importance.

  48. ５．２　Computer models of the mind Intelligence dwells in the mind. Recent research in the fields of cognitive science and artificial intelligence throws light on the comprehensive mechanism of the mind.

  49. (1) Minsky’s model The mind is composed of a large number of small processors called “agent”. - An agent shares just a simple job. - Several agents meet to do a job, and several groups meet to do a little larger job. - Thus, the mind is a large set of agents, and is called “multi-agent system”.

  50. - However, many problems remains unsolved in Minsky’s model. - Especially how AI technologies developed by each sub-field, e.g. natural language processing or pattern recognition can be incorporated into a computer model is not clear.

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